Journal ArticleDOI
A Variation on a Basic Theme: The Transition to Farming in Southern Central Europe
TLDR
In this article, a combined migrationist/diffusionist model is presented, arguing for an emergence of a farming economy among hunter-gatherer populations in Transdanubia and the subsequent spread of this economy through migration.Abstract:
This paper attempts to summarize the past years of research on the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition in Central Europe and to review recent discussions about the origin and spread of the Early Neolithic. Particular emphasis is given to the debate about migration or diffusion. A combined migrationist/diffusionist model is presented, arguing for an emergence of a farming economy among hunter-gatherer populations in Transdanubia and the subsequent spread of this economy through migration. The new settlers interacted with local Mesolithic groups and adopted and incorporated local material culture and sometimes even aspects of local Mesolithic economy, a process which continued throughout the Early Neolithic. With time, population increase, subsequent competition for resources, and climatic instability led to a destabilization of traditional Early Neolithic society and finally to the outbreak of severe intercommunity violence. The only escape from mutual extinction was a rearrangement of subsistence and social and political structures, possibly with contributions from surviving Terminal Mesolithic groups.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Ancient DNA from the first European farmers in 7500-year-old Neolithic sites
Wolfgang Haak,Peter Forster,Barbara Bramanti,Shuichi Matsumura,Guido Brandt,Marc Tänzer,Richard Villems,Colin Renfrew,Detlef Gronenborn,Kurt W. Alt,Joachim Burger +10 more
TL;DR: It is found that 25% of the Neolithic farmers had one characteristic mtDNA type and that this type formerly was widespread among Neolithic Farmers in Central Europe and this finding lends weight to a proposed Paleolithic ancestry for modern Europeans.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ancient DNA from European early Neolithic farmers reveals their Near Eastern affinities
Wolfgang Haak,Oleg Balanovsky,Juan J. Sanchez,S. M. Koshel,Valery Zaporozhchenko,Christina J. Adler,Clio Der Sarkissian,Guido Brandt,Carolin Schwarz,Nicole Nicklisch,Veit Dresely,Barbara Fritsch,Elena Balanovska,Richard Villems,Harald Meller,Kurt W. Alt,Alan Cooper +16 more
TL;DR: The first farmers from Central Europe reveal a genetic affinity to modern-day populations from the Near East and Anatolia, which suggests a significant demographic input from this area during the early Neolithic.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tracing the Origin and Spread of Agriculture in Europe
TL;DR: An interpolative map of correlation coefficients, obtained by using shortest-path distances, shows that the origins of agriculture were most likely to have occurred in the northern Levantine/Mesopotamian area.
First Farmers: the Origins of Agricultural Societies, by Peter Bellwood. Malden (MA): Blackwell, 2005; ISBN 0-631-20565-9
Peter Bellwood,Clive Gamble,Steven A. Le Blanc,Mark Pluciennik,Martin B. Richards,John Edward Terrell +5 more
TL;DR: Bellwood's First Farmers as mentioned in this paper is a major new statement which presents a robustly expressed solution to one of those classic problems which provides a benchmark for theorization and justifies archaeology as a field.
Journal ArticleDOI
Paleoanthropological Traces of a Neolithic Demographic Transition1
TL;DR: The ecology of birth seasonality among agriculturalists in Central Africa, and the impact of a labor-saving technology on first birth intervals in rural Ethiopia, are studied.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Extended 14C Data Base and Revised Calib 3.0 14C Age Calibration Program
Minze Stuiver,Paula J. Reimer +1 more
TL;DR: The age calibration program, CALIB (Stuiver & Reimer 1986), first made available in 1986 and subsequently modified in 1987 (revision 2.0 and 2.1), has been amended anew as mentioned in this paper.
Book
Stone Age Economics
TL;DR: Stone Age Economics as mentioned in this paper is a classic of economic anthropology, ambitiously tackling the nature of economic life and how to study it comparatively, and is one of Marshall Sahlins' most important and enduring works, claiming that stone age economies formed the original affluent society.
Book
Slavery and Social Death: A Comparative Study
TL;DR: One that the authors will refer to break the boredom in reading is choosing slavery and social death a comparative study as the reading material.
Book
The !Kung San: Men, Women and Work in a Foraging Society
TL;DR: The!Kung ecology and society as discussed by the authors is a good starting point for a discussion of ecology and social change in the Dobe region of South-West Africa, focusing on the allocation of nutritional stress and the use of space.
Book
Domestication of Plants in the Old World: The Origin and Spread of Cultivated Plants in West Asia, Europe, and the Nile Valley
Daniel Zohary,Maria Hopf +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present evidence for the origin and spread of cultivated plants in representative archaeological sites, using a Chronological Chart and Site Orientation Maps (SOMA).