An expanding syphilis epidemic in China: epidemiology, behavioural risk and control strategies with a focus on low-tier female sex workers and men who have sex with men.
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This review analyses syphilis in China from the perspective of two critical high-risk populations: men who have sex with men (MSM) and low-tier FSW, which includes women who usually solicit clients on the street or public outdoor places and sell sex for less than €2–10 per client.Abstract:
Syphilis has made a dramatic resurgence in China during the past two decades. During the Cultural Revolution (1966–76), sexually transmitted infections (STI) were so uncommon that they were removed from standard Chinese medical training curricula.1 As China's market economy expanded during 1980s economic reforms, reported STI, including syphilis infection, quickly re-appeared. An evolving STI reporting infrastructure largely assembled in the 1990s has noted increasing syphilis cases, particularly during the past 5 years (figure 1).2 3 Now syphilis is among the top five reported communicable diseases in many major province-level municipalities and provinces.4 While China's syphilis case reporting system and potential determinants of spread have been outlined in other reviews,2 there have been many studies on syphilis infection among female sex workers (FSW),5 6 this review analyses syphilis in China from the perspective of two critical high-risk populations: men who have sex with men (MSM) and low-tier FSW. Here we define low-tier FSW as women who usually solicit clients on the street or public outdoor places and sell sex for less than approximately €2–10 per client. Although preventing adverse outcomes associated with syphilis in pregnancy is important,7 this review focuses …read more
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Two Mutations associated with Macrolide Resistance in Treponema pallidum: Increasing Prevalence and Correlation with Molecular Strain Type in Seattle, Washington
Matthew Grimes,Sharon K. Sahi,B. Charmie Godornes,Lauren C. Tantalo,Neal Roberts,David Bostick,Christina M. Marra,Sheila A. Lukehart +7 more
TL;DR: Macrolide-resistant T. pallidum strains are highly prevalent in Seattle, and each mutation is associated with discrete strain types, which should not be considered for treatment of syphilis in regions where prevalence of the mutations is high.
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Syphilis: antibiotic treatment and resistance.
TL;DR: Information is presented here on the diagnosis and recommended antibiotic treatment of syphilis and the challenge of macrolide-resistant T. pallidum.
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Risk Behaviours among Female Sex Workers in China: A Systematic Review and Data Synthesis
Eric P F Chow,Kathryn E. Muessig,Lei Yuan,Yanjie Wang,Xiaohu Zhang,Rui Zhao,Peng Sun,Xiaoshu Sun,Joseph D. Tucker,Jun Jing,Lei Zhang +10 more
TL;DR: During the first decade of 2000, Chinese FSWs’ self-reported risk behaviours have decreased significantly while HIV testing has increased, and further outreach and intervention efforts are needed to encourage condom use with regular partners, continue promotion of HIV testing, and provide resources for the most vulnerable FSW.
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Changing trend of HIV, Syphilis and Hepatitis C among Men Who Have Sex with Men in China.
Qianqian Qin,Weiming Tang,Lin Ge,Dongmin Li,Tanmay Mahapatra,Wang Liyan,Wei Guo,Yan Cui,Jiangping Sun +8 more
TL;DR: While gradual reduction of risk behaviors along with syphilis and HCV prevalence supported expansion of testing and prevention services, increasing HIV burden called for deeper thematic investigations.
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Rates of HIV, syphilis, and HCV infections among different demographic groups of female sex workers in Guangxi China: Evidence from 2010 national sentinel surveillance data
TL;DR: Future HIV intervention prevention efforts among FSW need to pay particular attention to these women in order to effectively curtail the infections among this most-at-risk population as well as to prevent the further spread of HIV and syphilis to other populations.
References
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Syphilis in China: results of a national surveillance programme
Zhi Qiang Chen,Guo Cheng Zhang,Xiang Dong Gong,Charles P. Lin,Charles P. Lin,Xing Gao,Guo Jun Liang,Xiao Li Yue,Xiang Sheng Chen,Myron S. Cohen +9 more
TL;DR: A national campaign for detection and treatment of syphilis, and a credible prevention strategy, are urgently needed, and the results suggest that a range of unique biological and social forces are driving the spread ofSyphilis in China.
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HIV/AIDS risk among brothel-based female sex workers in China: Assessing the terms, content, and knowledge of sex work
TL;DR: Differences in occupational control among one type of brothel-based prostitutes in China are examined, demonstrating the importance of prevention activities directed at the brothel managers and clients, as well as the sex workers, to focus on sociocultural aspects of sex work.
Journal ArticleDOI
Meta-analysis: prevalence of HIV infection and syphilis among MSM in China
TL;DR: MSM form a high-risk population for HIV infection in China with a summary prevalence of 2.5% and a much higher prevalence of syphilis may indicate a potential of more severe HIV epidemic in the future because of their common high- risk behaviours.
Journal ArticleDOI
Successful Eradication of Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the People'S Republic of China: Implications for the 21st Century
TL;DR: Although the Chinese approach may not be ideal for Western democracies, understanding some features of the Chinese program may help in designing a strategy for the eradication of human immunodeficiency virus when or if treatment becomes available.
Journal ArticleDOI
Syphilis and HIV seroconversion among a 12-month prospective cohort of men who have sex with men in Shenyang, China.
Junjie Xu,Min Zhang,Kate Brown,Kathleen H. Reilly,Hailong Wang,Qinghai Hu,Haibo Ding,Zhenxing Chu,Tristan Bice,Hong Shang +9 more
TL;DR: The high incidence rates of HIV and syphilis in the Shenyang MSM community are significant cause for concern, and the seroconversion rate for syphilis, in particular, indicates the high prevalence of high-risk sexual behaviors and the potential for increased HIV transmission.
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