Journal ArticleDOI
Antipredator defensive behaviors in a visible burrow system.
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In this article, the authors analyzed rat defensive behaviors in a seminatural setting through videorecord recordings of groups of 4 male and 4 female rats and found that the anxiety process is initially associated with withdrawal and movement arrest, giving way to a crucial and longlasting risk assessment stage that provides information leading to either further defensiveness or a return to nondefensive behaviors.Abstract:
Analyzed defensive behaviors in a seminatural setting through videorecordings of groups of 4 male and 4 female rats. Before cat exposure dominant males showed more offensive behavior, eating, drinking, and use of the open area than subordinates. Presentation of a cat in the open area produced changes in four subpatterns of defense over a 24-hr period: withdrawal; immobility and movement constraint; risk assessment; and suppression of nondefensive behaviors. All Ss showed pronounced and consistent changes in each of these patterns, but dominant males alone showed increased risk assessment-related corner runs. These results provide an extensive description of rat defensive behaviors in a seminatural and relatively unstructured situation and suggest that the anxiety process is initially associated with withdrawal and movement arrest, giving way to a crucial and long-lasting risk-assessment stage that provides information leading to either further defensiveness or a return to nondefensive behaviors. This analysis suggests new models for the study of anxiety.read more
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Book ChapterDOI
Stress and Decision Making under the Risk of Predation: Recent Developments from Behavioral, Reproductive, and Ecological Perspectives
TL;DR: This chapter reviews the present empirical and theoretical work on antipredatory decision making and suggests that attention is needed for further work on the effects that predator and prey have on the other's behavioral decisions.
Journal ArticleDOI
A two-dimensional neuropsychology of defense: fear/anxiety and defensive distance
Neil McNaughton,Philip J. Corr +1 more
TL;DR: A picture of the neural systems controlling defense that updates and simplifies Gray's "Neuropsychology of Anxiety" is presented, based on two behavioural dimensions: 'def defensive distance' as defined by the Blanchards and 'defensive direction'.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ventromedial hypothalamic neurons control a defensive emotion state
Prabhat S. Kunwar,Moriel Zelikowsky,Ryan Remedios,Haijiang Cai,Melis Yilmaz,Markus Meister,David J. Anderson +6 more
TL;DR: Optogenetic manipulations indicate that the hypothalamus plays an integral role to instantiate emotion states, and is not simply a passive effector of upstream emotion centers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anxiety, defence and the elevated plus-maze.
R.J. Rodgers,A. Dalvi +1 more
TL;DR: The elevated plus-maze test can be a very valuable tool in drug screening and in the study of the neurobiology of anxiety and defence and more attention to behaviour and somewhat less emphasis on test simplicity and convenience would seem to be warranted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ethological and temporal analyses of anxiety-like behavior: the elevated plus-maze model 20 years on.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a review of the use of the EPM as a post-hoc test to evaluate emotionality in genetically modified rodents and identify and control of major sources of variability in this test.
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