Journal ArticleDOI
Appraisal, coping, health status, and psychological symptoms.
TLDR
The pattern of relations indicated that certain variables were positively associated and others negatively associated with symptoms, but they did explain a significant amount of the variance in psychological symptoms.Abstract:
In this study we examined the relation between personality factors (mastery and interpersonal trust), primary appraisal (the stakes a person has in a stressful encounter), secondary appraisal (options for coping), eight forms of problem- and emotion-focused coping, and somatic health status and psychological symptoms in a sample of 150 community-residing adults. Appraisal and coping processes should be characterized by a moderate degree of stability across stressful encounters for them to have an effect on somatic health status and psychological symptoms. These processes were assessed in five different stressful situations that subjects experienced in their day-to-day lives. Certain processes (e.g., secondary appraisal) were highly variable, whereas others (e.g., emotion-focused forms of coping) were moderately stable. We entered mastery and interpersonal trust, and primary appraisal and coping variables (aggregated over five occasions), into regression analyses of somatic health status and psychological symptoms. The variables did not explain a significant amount of the variance in somatic health status, but they did explain a significant amount of the variance in psychological symptoms. The pattern of relations indicated that certain variables were positively associated and others negatively associated with symptoms.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Dynamics of a stressful encounter: Cognitive appraisal, coping, and encounter outcomes.
TL;DR: In this paper, an intraindividual analysis of the interrelations among primary appraisal (what was at stake in the encounter), secondary appraisal (coping options), eight forms of problem-and emotion-focused coping, and encounter outcomes in a sample of community-residing adults was performed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Coping theory and research : Past, present, and future
TL;DR: The contrasts between two approaches to coping are focused on, one that emphasizes style—that is, it treats coping as a personality characteristic—and another that emphasizes process, efforts to manage stress that change over time and are shaped by the adaptational context out of which it is generated.
Journal ArticleDOI
From Psychological Stress to the Emotions: A History of Changing Outlooks
Journal ArticleDOI
Transactional theory and research on emotions and coping
Richard S. Lazarus,Susan Folkman +1 more
TL;DR: This article examined the fundamental premises of our cognitive-relational theory of emotion and coping and assessed their progress in examining them through 10 years of programmatic empirical resiliency and coping.
Book ChapterDOI
Contending with group image: The psychology of stereotype and social identity threat
TL;DR: This article found that African Americans, Native Americans, and many Latino groups perform lower than their tested skills would predict in difficult math classes yet at their predicted levels in other classes that they examined such as English or, as they later found, in entry-level math classes.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
TL;DR: The CES-D scale as discussed by the authors is a short self-report scale designed to measure depressive symptomatology in the general population, which has been used in household interview surveys and in psychiatric settings.
Book
Stress, appraisal, and coping
Richard S. Lazarus,Susan Folkman +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a detailed theory of psychological stress, building on the concepts of cognitive appraisal and coping, which have become major themes of theory and investigation in psychology.
Journal ArticleDOI
The structure of coping.
TL;DR: Results indicate that individuals' coping interventions are most effective when dealing with problems within the close interpersonal role areas of marriage and child-rearing and least effective when deals with the more impersonal problems found in occupation.