Journal ArticleDOI
Beyond Baby Doe: does infant transplantation justify euthanasia?
TLDR
It is argued that active euthanasia of infants with anencephaly is undesirable and should be prohibited in order to safeguard the rights of all persons with severe neurological disabilities.Abstract:
Recent advances in medical technology have made it possible to transplant organs into infants with severe heart and kidney disease, but the need for these organs exceeds the presently available supply. Some have suggested that infants born with the severe neurological defect of anencephaly might be used as organ donors, even if these infants do not meet the criteria for brain death. Current criteria for brain death are reviewed and it is concluded that this proposal represents active euthanasia or medical killing of infants with anencephaly. Justification of active euthanasia is discussed in medical, ethical, and historical terms. Recently developed protocols to obtain organs for transplantation from infants with anencephaly after brain death has been determined are described and their ethical implications are discussed. It is argued that active euthanasia of infants with anencephaly is undesirable and should be prohibited in order to safeguard the rights of all persons with severe neurological disabilities.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The use of anencephalic infants as organ sources. A critique.
TL;DR: Despite the great need for newborn organs, anencephalic infants are not as attractive a source as some had hoped.
Making the accommodation communication work: Factors involved in disclosure of adults with disabilities for accommodation in higher education and employment settings /
Abstract: This qualitative study examined the communication of accommodation needs by students of higher education to instructors through interviews with members of three samples: nine faculty, seven students with invisible disabilities, and eight students with visible disabilities. Each participant was interviewed once using standardized open-ended questions on separate interview guides for the faculty sample and for the two student samples. These guides differed because of the two perspectives represented: faculty as receiver and students as the initiators of the request. Data analysis techniques included: (a) memoing, (b) coding and categorizing interview transcripts, (c) writing up, (d) constant comparative of samples, and (e) peer debriefing. Findings emerged from the data to indicate that the accommodation communication has six elements (a) disclosure, (b) validation, (c) requesting accommodations, (d) the responsibility to accommodate, (e) timing of request, and (f) negotiating accommodations. A student with a visible disability will disclose in an employment interview to (a) relieve tension, (b) establish ground rules, and (c) uncover discriminatory attitudes. Seven rationales for not understanding how, when, and how much to disclose emerged for students with invisible disabilities. Students with disabilities react to the breakdown of accommodation negotiations in four ways, becoming (a) withdrawn (b) passive, (c) an advocate, or (d) adversarial. Improvements to the accommodation communication were suggested by each sample for faculty, administrators, and students. The most prevalent suggestion was for institutionally sponsored formal training of students and faculty on (a) rights, (b) responsibilities, (c) disability types, and (d) accommodations. Issues relevant to employment also emerged such as disclosure during the interview, qualifications, and career choices. Recommendations for practice and research were made for adult and higher education, rehabilitation services, human resources, and postsecondary disability service providers. Further research needs to be conducted on adults with learning disabilities and (a) adult development theories, (b) learning styles, and (c) adaptation to postsecondary education. Additional research should be conducted for adults with disabilities on transition from postsecondary education to employment, specifically, (a) disclosure, (b) interviewers reaction to disclosure, (c) differences in accommodation between school and work, (d) new hire success rates, and (e) accommodation costs versus productivity.
Book ChapterDOI
Ethical Challenges in Supporting Persons with Disabilities
Stephen Greenspan,Peter F. Love +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that people with disabilities are becoming increasingly marginalized as a result of two simultaneous social trends: the shift to a service-based economy and the emergence of a disability industry that is dependent on its subject population's dependency.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Baboon-to-Human Cardiac Xenotransplantation in a Neonate
TL;DR: This report details the first case of cardiac xenotransplantation in a neonate, and the recipient, a victim of hypoplastic left heart syndrome, survived 20 days and showed only traces of cell-mediated rejection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anencephalic donors: separate the dead from the dying.
TL;DR: It would be unwise to amend the Uniform Determination of Death Act to classify anencephalics as "dead," and amending the Anatomical Gift Act to permit organs to be removed from anENCEphalics would be unjust.
Journal ArticleDOI
Kidney transplantation from anencephalic donors.
TL;DR: 3 observations: transplantations de reins de 3 fœtus anencephaliques chez 2 enfants et chez un adulte (completement HLA-identique et avec reactions croisees negatives).
Journal ArticleDOI
Survival in Infants with Anencephaly
P.A. Baird,A.D. Sadovnick +1 more
TL;DR: There is little available literature on survival data in the form of lifetables for babies born with anencephaly, but data would be valuable in advising parents, who often request very specific information on the length of time their child might survive.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neurologic Uncertainty in Newborn Intensive Care
TL;DR: This study highlights the need to understand more fully the individual needs of each child in an intensive care nursery before deciding which treatment should be provided.