Journal ArticleDOI
Bioactive proteins and peptides from food sources applications of bioprocesses used in isolation and recovery
David D. Kitts,Katie Weiler +1 more
TLDR
It is shown herein, that the tryptic digests of casein yielding caseinophosphopeptides exhibits both hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activity due to both metal ion sequestering and quenching of ROS.Abstract:
There are many examples of biologically active food proteins, with physiological significance beyond the pure nutritional requirements that concern available nitrogen for normal growth and maintenance. Moreover, there are many physiologically active peptides, derived by protease activity from various food protein sources; however, relationships between structural properties and functional activities have not been completely elucidated. Many bioactive peptides have in common structural properties that include a relatively short peptide residue length (e.g. 2-9 amino acids), possessing hydrophobic amino acid residues in addition to proline, lysine or arginine groups. Bioactive peptides are also resistant to the action of digestion peptidases. Antihypertensive peptides, known as Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have been derived from milk, corn and fish protein sources. Peptides with opioid activities are derived from wheat gluten or casein, following digestion with pepsin. Exorphins, or opioid peptides derived from food proteins such as wheat and milk (e.g. exogenous sources) have similar structure to endogenous opioid peptides, with a tyrosine residue located at the amino terminal or bioactive site. Immunomodulatory peptides derived from tryptic hydrolysates of rice and soybean proteins act to stimulate superoxide anions (reactive oxygen species-ROS), which triggers non-specific immune defense systems. Antioxidant properties that prevent peroxidation of essential fatty acids have also been shown for peptides derived from milk proteins. The addition of a Leu or Pro residue to the N-terminus of a His-His, dipeptide will enhance antioxidant activity and facilitate further synergy with non-peptide antioxidants (e.g. BHT). We also show herein, that the tryptic digests of casein yielding caseinophosphopeptides exhibits both hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activity due to both metal ion sequestering and quenching of ROS. The separation and purification of bioactive peptides which will involve development of automated and continuous systems is an important field for Food chemists. Much effort has been given to develop selective column chromatography methods that can replace batch methods of salting out, or using solvent extraction to isolate and purify bioactive peptides. Advances here will enable recovery of bioactive peptides with minimal destruction thus enabling utilization by returning these active peptides to functional food or specific nutraceutical applications.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Bioactive peptides: Production and functionality
TL;DR: A variety of naturally formed bioactive peptides have been found in fermented dairy products, such as yoghurt, sour milk and cheese as mentioned in this paper, but the health benefits attributed to peptides in these traditional products have, so far, not been established, however.
Journal ArticleDOI
Food-derived peptides with biological activity: from research to food applications.
Rainer Hartmann,Hans Meisel +1 more
TL;DR: Several products are already on the market or under development by food companies that exploit the potential of food-derived bioactive peptides and which ascribe scientifically evidenced health claims to consumption of these functional foods.
Journal ArticleDOI
The possible roles of food-derived bioactive peptides in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease
TL;DR: By modulating and improving physiological functions, bioactive peptides may provide new therapeutic applications for the prevention or treatment of chronic diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Milk-derived bioactive peptides: From science to applications
TL;DR: A great variety of naturally formed bioactive peptides have been found in fermented dairy products, such as yoghurt, sour milk and cheese as mentioned in this paper, and industrial-scale technologies suitable for the industrial production of bioactive milk peptide have been developed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antioxidative peptides derived from milk proteins
TL;DR: In this paper, the role of peptides derived from the digestion of milk proteins has been investigated and the results suggest that the hydrolysates from milk proteins could be used as natural antioxidants in enhancing antioxidant properties of functional foods.
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