Preface. 1. Morphology and Anatomy I. Kovar. 2. Phylogeny I. Kovar. 3. Variability and Genetic Studies A. Honek. 4. Life History and Development A. Honek. 5. Distribution in Habitats A. Honek, I. Hodek. 6. Food Relationships I. Hodek. 7. Dormancy I. Hodek. 8. Enemies of Coccinellidae P. Ceryngier, I. Hodek. 9. Effectiveness and Utilization I. Hodek, A. Honek. References. Author Index. Taxonomic Index. Subject Index.

Biology and Ecology of Predaceous Coccinellidae

Biology of Coccinellidae

3 – Food Consumption and Utilization

WFP KENYA ACTED, CHF, Concern, FAO, FH, Horn Relief, IFRC, IMC, KRCS, Mercy Corps, Mercy USA, Merlin, OCHA, Oxfam, SC/US, UNICEF, WASDA, WFP, WHH J AC C C Agriculture and Food Security Economic Recovery and Market Systems Food Assistance Health Humanitarian Coordination and Information Management Humanitarian Studies, Analysis, or Applications Logistics and Relief Commodities Multisectoral Assistance Natural and Technological Risks Nutrition Protection Refugee Assistance Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene

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Coccinellids have been widely used in biological control for over a century, and the methods for using these predators have remained virtually unchanged. The causes for the relatively low rates of establishment of coccinellids in importation biological control have not been examined for most species. Augmentative releases of several coccinellid species are well documented and effective; however, ineffective species continue to be used because of ease of collection. For most agricultural systems, conservation techniques for coccinellids are lacking, even though they are abundant in these habitats. Evaluation techniques are available, but quantitative assessments of the efficacy of coccinellids have not been done for most species in most agricultural crops. Greater emphasis is needed on evaluation, predator specificity, understanding colonization of new environments, and assessment of community-level interactions to maximize the use of coccinellids in biological control.

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Predaceous Coccinellidae in biological control.

Preface. Acknowledgments. Contributors. Part 1: Perspectives. 1. Critical Issues Related to Nontarget Effects in Classical Biological Control of Insetcs L.E. Ehler. 2. Nontarget Effects of Biological Control: What Are We Trying to Miss? J.A. Lockwood. 3. The Frequency and Strength of Nontarget Effects of Invertebrate Biological Control Agents of Plant Pests and Weeds P. Stiling, D. Simberloff. 4. The Impact of Nontarget Concerns on the Practice of Biological Control R.H. Messing. Part 2: Parasitoids and Predators. 5. Predicting the Risk from Biological Control Agent Introductions: A New Zealand Approach B. Barratt, et al. 6. Parasitoid Drift in Hawaiian Pentatomoids P.A. Follett, et al. 7. Evaluating Nontarget Effects of Classical Biological Control: Fruit Fly Parasitoids in Hawaii as a Case Study J.J. Duan, R.H. Messing. 8. Trichogramma Nontarget Impacts: A Method for Biological Control Risk Assessment D.B. Orr, et al. 9. Coccinellid Introductions: Potential for and Evaluation of Nontarget Effects J.J. Obrycki, et al. 10. Food Webs as a Tool for Studying Nontarget Effects in Biological Control J. Memmott. Part 3: Weeds. 11. Why Things Bite Back: Unintended Consequences of Biological Weed Control P.B. McEvoy, E.M. Coombs. 12. Importation Protocols and Risk Assessment of Weed Biological Control Agents in Australia: The Example of Carmenta nr ithacae T. Withers, et al. 13. Negative Ecological Effects of the Musk Thistle Biological Control Agent, Rhinocyllus conicus S.M. Louda. 14. Biological Control of Musk Thistle: A Reassessment J.R. Nechols. Part 4: Pathogens. 15. Predicting the Host Range of Entomopathogenic Fungi A.E. Hajek, L. Butler. 16. Monitoring the Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki on Nontarget Lepidoptera in Woodlands and Forests of Western Oregon J.C. Miller. 17. Environmental Impacts of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Used for Biological Control in Soil M. Barbercheck, L.C. Millar. Index.

Biology and Ecology of Predaceous Coccinellidae

Citations

Biology of Coccinellidae

3 – Food Consumption and Utilization

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Predaceous Coccinellidae in biological control.

Nontarget effects of biological control.

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Predaceous Coccinellidae in biological control.

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