Breast Density and Parenchymal Patterns as Markers of Breast Cancer Risk: A Meta-analysis
TLDR
This review explains some of the heterogeneity in associations of breast density with breast cancer risk and shows that, in well-conducted studies, this is one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer.Abstract:
Mammographic features are associated with breast cancer risk, but estimates of the strength of the association vary markedly between studies, and it is uncertain whether the association is modified by other risk factors. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of publications on mammographic patterns in relation to breast cancer risk. Random effects models were used to combine study-specific relative risks. Aggregate data for > 14,000 cases and 226,000 noncases from 42 studies were included. Associations were consistent in studies conducted in the general population but were highly heterogeneous in symptomatic populations. They were much stronger for percentage density than for Wolfe grade or Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System classification and were 20% to 30% stronger in studies of incident than of prevalent cancer. No differences were observed by age/menopausal status at mammography or by ethnicity. For percentage density measured using prediagnostic mammograms, combined relative risks of incident breast cancer in the general population were 1.79 (95% confidence interval, 1.48-2.16), 2.11 (1.70-2.63), 2.92 (2.49-3.42), and 4.64 (3.64-5.91) for categories 5% to 24%, 25% to 49%, 50% to 74%, and > or = 75% relative to < 5%. This association remained strong after excluding cancers diagnosed in the first-year postmammography. This review explains some of the heterogeneity in associations of breast density with breast cancer risk and shows that, in well-conducted studies, this is one of the strongest risk factors for breast cancer. It also refutes the suggestion that the association is an artifact of masking bias or that it is only present in a restricted age range.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Mammographic Density and the Risk and Detection of Breast Cancer
Norman F. Boyd,Helen Guo,Lisa J. Martin,Limei Sun,Jennifer Stone,Eve Fishell,Roberta A. Jong,Greg Hislop,Anna M. Chiarelli,Salomon Minkin,Martin J. Yaffe +10 more
TL;DR: Extensive mammographic density is strongly associated with the risk of breast cancer detected by screening or between screening tests, and a substantial fraction of breast cancers can be attributed to this risk factor.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bisphenol-A and the Great Divide: A Review of Controversies in the Field of Endocrine Disruption
TL;DR: This review has covered the above-mentioned controversies plus six additional issues that have divided scientists in the field of BPA research, namely: mechanisms of bisphenol-A action; levels of human exposure; 3) routes of human Exposure; 4) pharmacokinetic models of Bpa metabolism; 5) effects of B PA on exposed animals; and 6) links between BPA and cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Collagen density promotes mammary tumor initiation and progression
Paolo P. Provenzano,David R. Inman,Kevin W. Eliceiri,Justin G Knittel,Long Yan,Curtis Rueden,John G. White,Patricia J. Keely +7 more
TL;DR: This study provides the first data causally linking increased stromal collagen to mammary tumor formation and metastasis, and demonstrates that fundamental differences arise and persist in epithelial tumor cells that progressed within collagen-dense microenvironments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aligned collagen is a prognostic signature for survival in human breast carcinoma.
Matthew W. Conklin,Jens C. Eickhoff,Kristin M. Riching,Carolyn Pehlke,Kevin W. Eliceiri,Paolo P. Provenzano,Andreas Friedl,Patricia J. Keely +7 more
TL;DR: It is proposed that quantifying collagen alignment is a viable, novel paradigm for the prediction of human breast cancer survival because of the strong statistical evidence for poor survival in patients with TACS and because the assessment can be performed in routine histopathological samples imaged via second harmonic generation or using picrosirius.
Journal ArticleDOI
Concepts of extracellular matrix remodelling in tumour progression and metastasis
TL;DR: This review focuses on how tumour and tumour-associated stromal cells deposit, biochemically and biophysically modify, and degrade tumours' extracellular matrix (ECM).
References
More filters
Book
Methods for Meta-Analysis in Medical Research
TL;DR: This book discusses meta-analysis's development and uses, and discusses Bayesian methods in Meta-analysis, as well as specific and developing areas of applications inMeta-Analysis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Quantitative Classification of Mammographic Densities and Breast Cancer Risk: Results From the Canadian National Breast Screening Study
Norman F. Boyd,J W Byng,R A Jong,E. Fishell,L E Little,Anthony B. Miller,Gina Lockwood,David Tritchler,Martin J. Yaffe +8 more
TL;DR: Increases in the level of breast tissue density as assessed by mammography are associated with increases in risk for breast cancer, and these results show that increases in theLevel of breast cancer risk associated with increasing mammographic density is shown.
Journal ArticleDOI
Breast patterns as an index of risk for developing breast cancer
TL;DR: A restrospective study of 7,214 patients placed into one of four groups of risk for developing carcinoma of the breast found that there was a 37 times greater incidence for those at highest risk compared to the low risk group.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mammographic Features and Breast Cancer Risk: Effects With Time, Age, and Menopause Status
Celia Byrne,Catherine Schairer,John N. Wolfe,Navin Parekh,Martine Salane,Louise A. Brinton,Robert N. Hoover,Robert W. Haile +7 more
TL;DR: M mammographic features were associated with known breast cancer risk factors, however, the high-density parenchymal pattern effects were independent of family history, age at first birth, alcohol consumption, and benign breast disease.