Objectives To assess the association between receiving the certified care workers’ home care service, which is provided by non-medical professionals prior to a patients’ death and the probability of a home death. Design Observational research using the full-time translated number of certified care workers providing home care service per member of the population aged 65 or above, during the year prior to patient’s death per municipality as an instrumental variable. Setting The certified care workers’ home care service covered by the public long-term care insurance (LTCI) system in Japan. Participants In total, 1 613 391 LTCI beneficiaries aged 65 or above who passed away, except by an external cause of death, between January 2010 and December 2013 were included in the analysis. Primary outcome measures Death at home or death at other places, including hospitals, nursing homes and clinics with beds. Results Out of all participants, 173 498 (10.8%) died at home. The number of patients who used the certified care workers’ home care service more than once per each month during 1, 2 or 3 months prior to the month of death numbered 213 848, 176 686 and 155 716, respectively. This was associated with an increased probability of death at home by 9.1% points (95% CI 2.9 to 15.3), 10.5% points (3.3 to 17.6) and 11.4% points (3.6 to 19.2), respectively. Conclusions The use of the certified care workers’ home care service prior to death was associated with the increased probability of a home death.

https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/9/8/e026238.full.pdf

Causal Inference for Statistics, Social, and Biomedical Sciences: Instrumental Variables Analysis of Randomized Experiments with Two-Sided Noncompliance

Receiving the home care service offered by certified care workers prior to a patients' death and the probability of a home death: observational research using an instrumental variable method from Japan

A sequential mixed‐mode data collection, online‐to‐telephone, was introduced into the National Child Development Study for the first time at the study's age 55 sweep in 2013. The study included a small experiment, whereby a randomised subset of study members was allocated to a single mode, telephone‐only interview, in order to test for the presence of mode effects on participation and measurement. Relative to telephone‐only, the offer of the Web increased overall participation rates by 5.0 percentage points (82.8% vs. 77.8%; 95% confidence interval for difference: 2.7% to 7.3%). Differences attributable to mode of interview were detected in levels of item non‐response and response values for a limited number of questions. Most notably, response by Web (relative to telephone) was found to have increased the likelihood of non‐response to questions relating to pay and other financial matters, and increased the likelihood of ‘less desirable’ responses. For example, response by Web resulted in the reporting of more units of alcohol consumed, and more negative responses to subjective questions such as self‐rated health, self‐rated financial status and well‐being. As there was evidence of mode effects, there is the potential for biases in some analyses, unless appropriate techniques are utilised to correct for these.

/pdf/the-impact-of-using-the-web-in-a-mixed-mode-follow-up-of-a-1kh3k3ig.pdf

Causal Inference for Statistics, Social, and Biomedical Sciences: Instrumental Variables Analysis of Randomized Experiments with Two-Sided Noncompliance

Citations

Receiving the home care service offered by certified care workers prior to a patients' death and the probability of a home death: observational research using an instrumental variable method from Japan

The impact of using the Web in a mixed‐mode follow‐up of a longitudinal birth cohort study: Evidence from the National Child Development Study

Related Papers (5)

Causal Inference for Statistics, Social, and Biomedical Sciences: A General Method for Estimating Sampling Variances for Standard Estimators for Average Causal Effects

The Generalized Oaxaca-Blinder Estimator

Stratified Multivariate Mann–Whitney Estimators for the Comparison of Two Treatments with Randomization Based Covariance Adjustment

Estimation of treatment effects in randomized trials with non‐compliance and a dichotomous outcome

Conditional Logistic Regression with Sandwich Estimators: Application to a Meta-Analysis