Journal ArticleDOI
Characterizing non-visual target acquisition tasks with the aid of a tactile display: investigating factors beyond the classical Fitts' theorem
TLDR
The results show that Fitts’ law accurately predicts performance for the visually impaired, even though the average movement time exceeded the 3-s window typical of rapid-aimed movement, and a model to predict overall MT in non-visual environments with the aid of haptic reference points is proposed.Abstract:
Interaction in most non-visual environments is limited to discrete units of input and feedback, such as keyboard and sound. The purpose of this study is to use the classical Fitts' law to characterize target acquisition in a non-visual environment with continuous input devices and haptic feedback. Two groups of 21 severely visually impaired volunteers were recruited to perform a series of reciprocal tapping tasks based on three experimental conditions: Fitts' index of difficulty (ID), types of tactile feedback, and the presence of haptic reference points. Types of tactile feedback included continuous vibration, enclosure, and surface friction. The results show that Fitts' law accurately predicts performance for the visually impaired, even though the average movement time (MT) exceeded the 3-s window typical of rapid-aimed movement, particularly when the Fitts' ID is greater than 3 bits. Interestingly, actual distance to the target has a larger effect on MT than target width. Enclosure haptic feedback (i.e., a sudden bump when the mouse pointer crosses over the object boundary) allows participants to rapidly acquire even small targets with a width of only 4 pixels, while varying constant degrees of surface friction are ineffective at conveying distance. Adding a grid of equidistant haptic reference points significantly reduced the number of missed targets and the standard deviation of end clicks around the target center, but increased the overall MT. This paper proposes a model to predict overall MT in non-visual environments with the aid of haptic reference points. These results have implications toward the design of interfaces and input devices that provide continuous control in non-visual environments.read more
Citations
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A Test of Fitts' Law in Two Dimensions with Hand and Head Movements.
TL;DR: Two dimensional generalizations of Fitts' Law were discussed in terms of multidimensional scaling and the obtained pattern of movement times was found to be intermediate to the predictions of Euclidean and City-block models of the movement space.
Journal Article
Non visual haptic audio tools for virtual environments
TL;DR: In this article, the authors report the results of a test involving twelve users of different haptic audio navigational tools for non-visual virtual environments, which confirms the usefulness of a constant attractive force as well as of haptic fixtures to help users locate objects in a virtual environment.
Book ChapterDOI
Current Theoretical Developments and Applications of Fitts' Law: A Literature Review.
Rong Jiang,Zhenyu Gu +1 more
TL;DR: The present paper shows that the related discussions mainly focus on the theoretical basis and performance of Fitts’ law, and several new predictive models are proposed to improve accuracy or extend the law to three-dimensional space.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Deep Learning Model with Virtual Reality Technology for Second Language Acquisition
TL;DR: The experiments show that the linear Attentional control model of young second language learners is closely related to their online task performance, which can visually explain the effect of their linear attentional control on online task completion.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Towards a standard for pointing device evaluation, perspectives on 27 years of Fitts' law research in HCI
TL;DR: This paper makes seven recommendations to HCI researchers wishing to construct Fitts' law models for either movement time prediction, or for the comparison of conditions in an experiment that support the methods described in the recent ISO 9241-9 standard on the evaluation of pointing devices.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ten myths of multimodal interaction
TL;DR: Well-designed multimodal systems integrate complementary modalities to yield a highly synergistic blend in which the strengths of each mode are capitalized upon and used to overcome weaknesses in the other.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Accuracy measures for evaluating computer pointing devices
TL;DR: Seven new accuracy measures to elicit (sometimes subtle) differences among devices in precision pointing tasks are proposed, which capture aspects of movement behaviour during a trial.