Proceedings ArticleDOI
Confused, timid, and unstable: picking a video streaming rate is hard
Te-Yuan Huang,Nikhil Handigol,Brandon Heller,Nick McKeown,Ramesh Johari +4 more
- pp 225-238
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TLDR
This work measures three popular video streaming services -- Hulu, Netflix, and Vudu -- and finds that accurate client-side bandwidth estimation above the HTTP layer is hard, and rate selection based on inaccurate estimates can trigger a feedback loop, leading to undesirably variable and low-quality video.Abstract:
Today's commercial video streaming services use dynamic rate selection to provide a high-quality user experience. Most services host content on standard HTTP servers in CDNs, so rate selection must occur at the client. We measure three popular video streaming services -- Hulu, Netflix, and Vudu -- and find that accurate client-side bandwidth estimation above the HTTP layer is hard. As a result, rate selection based on inaccurate estimates can trigger a feedback loop, leading to undesirably variable and low-quality video. We call this phenomenon the "downward spiral effect", and we measure it on all three services, present insights into its root causes, and validate initial solutions to prevent it.read more
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Dissertation
Late transition-metal nanomaterials for the catalysis of “click” and other reactions involving C-N bond formation and reactivity
TL;DR: In this paper, a new ferrocenyl-containing unsymmetrical CuII-Schiff-base complex and its covalently poly(methyl) (methacrylate) (PMMA)-grafted counterpart were synthesized and employed as efficient precatalyst in the CuAAC “click reaction.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Performance Assessment and Improvement of the Video Streaming Backend with Cloud Storage and On-the-Fly Format Conversion
TL;DR: A study on the performance of this increasingly common video streaming setup and an improvement scheme that involves caching metadata files based on dynamically referenced MPEG-4 at the compute node is presented.
DissertationDOI
Advanced modelling of adaptive bitrate selection
TL;DR: The result of extensive evaluations conducted both within a real-world Internet environment and with network trace shows the proposed schemes help in reducing the convergence time, startup delay, and rebuffering events, while at the same time increasing both the average and the stability of the video quality.
Adapting Swarm Applications: A Systematic and Quantitative Approach
TL;DR: This thesis proposes a systematic and quantitative approach to build adaptive swarm applications and presents a complete design and implementation of the framework AWStream and several swarm applications: pedestrian detection, augmented reality, and monitoring log analysis.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
A Markov Model for Evaluating Resource Sharing Policies for DASH Assisting Network Elements
TL;DR: In this article, a Markov model is proposed to evaluate bandwidth sharing policies in networks that handle both video streaming traffic and other traffic, which can be used to analyze and optimize resource sharing policies.
References
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TCP Congestion Control
TL;DR: This document defines TCP's four intertwined congestion control algorithms: slow start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmit, and fast recovery, as well as discussing various acknowledgment generation methods.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Youtube traffic characterization: a view from the edge
TL;DR: This paper presents a traffic characterization study of the popular video sharing service, YouTube, and finds that as with the traditional Web, caching could improve the end user experience, reduce network bandwidth consumption, and reduce the load on YouTube's core server infrastructure.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
An experimental evaluation of rate-adaptation algorithms in adaptive streaming over HTTP
TL;DR: This paper focuses on the rate-adaptation mechanisms of adaptive streaming and experimentally evaluates two major commercial players (Smooth Streaming, Netflix) and one open source player (OSMF).
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Understanding the impact of video quality on user engagement
Florin Dobrian,Vyas Sekar,Asad Awan,Ion Stoica,Dilip Antony Joseph,Aditya Ravikumar Ganjam,Jibin Zhan,Hui Zhang +7 more
TL;DR: This paper uses a unique dataset that spans different content types, including short video on demand, long VoD, and live content from popular video con- tent providers, to measure quality metrics such as the join time, buffering ratio, average bitrate, rendering quality, and rate of buffering events.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Unreeling netflix: Understanding and improving multi-CDN movie delivery
Vijay Kumar Adhikari,Yang Guo,Fang Hao,Matteo Varvello,Volker Hilt,Moritz Steiner,Zhi-Li Zhang +6 more
TL;DR: A measurement study of Netflix is performed to uncover its architecture and service strategy, and finds that Netflix employs a blend of data centers and Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) for content distribution.