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Journal ArticleDOI

Digital Media in the Obama Campaigns of 2008 and 2012: Adaptation to the Personalized Political Communication Environment

Bruce Bimber
- 25 Feb 2014 - 
- Vol. 11, Iss: 2, pp 130-150
TLDR
The authors provided a descriptive interpretation of the role of digital media in the campaigns of Barack Obama in 2008 and 2012 with a focus on personalized political communication and the commodification of online media as tools.
Abstract
This essay provides a descriptive interpretation of the role of digital media in the campaigns of Barack Obama in 2008 and 2012 with a focus on two themes: personalized political communication and the commodification of digital media as tools. The essay covers campaign finance strategy, voter mobilization on the ground, innovation in social media, and data analytics, and why the Obama organizations were more innovative than those of his opponents. The essay provides a point of contrast for the other articles in this special issue, which describe sometimes quite different campaign practices in recent elections across Europe.

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Citations
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Civic Life Online: Learning How Digital Media Can Engage Youth

TL;DR: This book is arguably the most important book to be published recently in the area of the Journal's special issue, as it sets the agenda for the ongoing study of young people's civic and political engagement with and through the internet.
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Examining the Impact of Web 2.0 and Social Media on Political Participation and Civic Engagement in the 2008 Obama Campaign

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the uses of Web 2.0 and social media by the 2008 Obama presidential campaign and ask three primary questions: (1) What techniques allowed the Obama campaign to translate online activity to on-the-ground activism? (2) What sociotechnical factors enabled the Obama Campaign to generate so many campaign contributions? (3) Did the ObamaCampaign facilitate the development of an ongoing social movement that will influence his administration and governance? Qualitative data were collected from social media tools used by the Obama ‘08 campaign (e.g
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Engineering the public: Big data, surveillance and computational politics

TL;DR: This work examines six intertwined dynamics that pertain to the rise of computational politics: the Rise of big data, the shift away from demographics to individualized targeting, the opacity and power of computational modeling, the use of persuasive behavioral science, digital media enabling dynamic real-time experimentation, and the growth of new power brokers who own the data or social media environments.
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The Digital Architectures of Social Media: Comparing Political Campaigning on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat in the 2016 U.S. Election:

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that political communication on social media is mediated by a platform's digital architecture, the technical protocols that enable, constrain, and shape user behavior in a virtual space.
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Accidental exposure to politics on social media as online participation equalizer in Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom

TL;DR: Findings suggest that inadvertent encounters with political content on social media are likely to reduce the gap in online engagement between citizens with high and low interest in politics, potentially broadening the range of voices that make themselves heard.
References
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Book

The Logic of Connective Action

TL;DR: The authors examines the organizational dynamics that emerge when communication becomes a prominent part of organizational structure and argues that understanding such variations in large-scale action networks requires distinguishing between at least two logics that may be in play: the familiar logic of collective action associated with high levels of organizational resources and the formatio...
Journal ArticleDOI

Citizenship Norms and the Expansion of Political Participation

TL;DR: The authors argue that the norm shift is altering and expanding the patterns of political participation in America, rather than the erosion of participation, and trace their impact on political participation using data from the 2005 survey of the Center for Democracy and Civil Society (CDACS).
Book

The Good Citizen: How a Younger Generation Is Reshaping American Politics

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors define the meaning and measure of Citizenship in Theory and the distribution of Citizenship Norms and what kind of Citizenship is a "Good" citizen? Appendix Chapter 3: Forming CitizenshipNorms A Generational Gap? The Rising Tide of Social Status Gender and Ethnicity Patterns Citizenship and Religion Partisan Differences in Citizenship Bringing the Pieces Together The Social Roots of Citizenship The CONSEQUENCES of CITIZENSHIP

Changing Citizenship in the Digital Age

TL;DR: In the United States, younger generations disconnected from conventional politics and government in alarming numbers as discussed by the authors, and these trends have parallels in other democracies as well, including Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.
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