Journal ArticleDOI
Discriminating between Tornadic and Nontornadic Thunderstorms Using Mesoscale Model Output
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TLDR
In this article, the ability to discriminate between tornadic and nontornadic thunderstorms using a mesoscale model was investigated using a simulation of nine severe weather events: four events are tornadic supercell thunderstorm outbreaks that occur in conjunction with strong large-scale forcing for upward motion, three events are bow-echo outbreaks that also occur in conjunctious conditions, and two are isolated supercell storms that occur under much weaker large scale forcing.Abstract:
The ability to discriminate between tornadic and nontornadic thunderstorms is investigated using a mesoscale model. Nine severe weather events are simulated: four events are tornadic supercell thunderstorm outbreaks that occur in conjunction with strong large-scale forcing for upward motion, three events are bow-echo outbreaks that also occur in conjunction with strong large-scale forcing for upward motion, and two are isolated tornadic supercell thunderstorms that occur under much weaker large-scale forcing. Examination of the mesoscale model simulations suggests that it is possible to discriminate between tornadic and nontornadic thunderstorms by using the locations of model-produced convective activity and values of convective available potential energy to highlight regions of likely thunderstorm development, and then using the values of storm-relative environmental helicity (SREH) and bulk Richardson number shear (BRNSHR) to indicate whether or not tornadic supercell thunderstorms are likely....read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Close Proximity Soundings within Supercell Environments Obtained from the Rapid Update Cycle
TL;DR: In this article, a sample of 413 soundings from hourly analyses generated by the 40-km Rapid Update Cycle-2 (RUC-2) analysis and forecast system was examined.
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Predicting Supercell Motion Using a New Hodograph Technique
TL;DR: A physically based, shear-relative, and Galilean invariant method for predicting supercell motion using a hodograph is presented in this article, which is based on numerous observational and modeling studies since the 1940s.
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Examination of Derecho Environments Using Proximity Soundings
TL;DR: In this article, upper air soundings that occurred within 2 h and 167 km of derechos were collected and analyzed to document atmospheric stability and wind shear conditions associated with long-lived convective windstorms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Variability of Storm-Relative Helicity during VORTEX
TL;DR: In this article, storm-relative helicity (SRH) and low-level vertical shear of the horizontal wind fields were investigated on the mesoscale and stormscale in regions where tornadoes occurred for four case studies using data collected during the Verification of the Origin of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Tornado Warning Process: A Review of Current Research, Challenges, and Opportunities
Jerald A. Brotzge,W. Donner +1 more
TL;DR: A literature review as discussed by the authors provides an end-to-end examination of the tornado warning process, including the warning decision process, warning dissemination, and public response, highlighting some of the major challenges for improving each stage.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Bulk Parameterization of the Snow Field in a Cloud Model
TL;DR: In this paper, a two-dimensional, time-dependent cloud model was used to simulate a moderate intensity thunderstorm for the High Plains region, where six forms of water substance (water vapor, cloud water, cloud ice, rain, snow and hail) were simulated.
Journal ArticleDOI
A One-Dimensional Entraining/Detraining Plume Model and Its Application in Convective Parameterization
John S. Kain,J. Michael Fritsch +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a new one-dimensional cloud model is proposed for mesoscale convective parameterization schemes (CPSs), which is unique in its representation of environmental entrainment and updraft detrainment rates.
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The Dependence of Numerically Simulated Convective Storms on Vertical Wind Shear and Buoyancy
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of vertical wind shear and buoyancy on convective storm structure and evolution were investigated with the use of a three-dimensional numerical cloud model, by varying the magnitude of buoyant energy and one-directional vertical shear over a wide range of environmental conditions associated with severe storms.
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A High-Resolution Model of the Planetary Boundary Layer—Sensitivity Tests and Comparisons with SESAME-79 Data
Da-Lin Zhang,Richard A. Anthes +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a one-dimensional planetary boundary layer (PBL) model is presented and verified using April 10, 1979 SESAME data, which contains two modules to account for two different regimes of turbulent mixing, and separate parameterizations are made for stable and unstable conditions, with a predictive slab model for surface temperature.
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The Mesoscale and Microscale Structure and Organization of Clouds and Precipitation in Midlatitude Cyclones. VIII: A Model for the “Seeder-Feeder” Process in Warm-Frontal Rainbands
Steven A. Rutledge,Peterv Hobbs +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present results from a parameterized numerical model of the growth processes that can lead to the enhancement of precipitation in a "seeder-feeder" type situation.