Disseminated leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica in HIV-positive patients in the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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2 patients with HIV–leishmaniasis co-infection caused by L. tropica with generalized and multiple skin lesions and visceral involvement are reported on, the first such report from the Islamic Republic of Iran.Abstract:
Both cutaneous and visceral forms of leishmaniasis are prevalent in some parts of the Islamic Republic of Iran [1,2]. The Mediterranean type of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is also reported sporadically throughout the country [3] with canines being the main animal reservoir hosts [4]. The cutaneous form of leishmaniasis is seen in 2 forms: anthroponotic and zoonotic. Anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is caused by Leishmania tropica and is prevalent in many largeand medium-sized cities in the country [1,5]. Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is caused by L. major and is endemic in many foci in the north, east and south of the country [6]. Some studies have implicated L. tropica as another agent of VL in humans and dogs in reports from the north-west and south of the country [4,7,8]. Few data are available, however, about host immunological response and parasite destruction when leishmaniasis is associated with immunosuppressants. At present, the majority of cases of HIV– leishmaniasis co-infection reported in the Mediterranean basin were caused by L. infantum [9]. Disseminated leishmaniasis caused by L. tropica in patients with HIV infection is uncommon. Here, we report on 2 patients with HIV–leishmaniasis co-infection caused by L. tropica with generalized and multiple skin lesions and visceral involvement. This is the first such report from the Islamic Republic of Iran.read more
Citations
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Leishmaniasis in immunosuppressed individuals
TL;DR: The leishmaniasis burden in immunosuppressed individuals will probably continue to rise, warranting increased awareness and enhanced surveillance systems.
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Visceral leishmaniasis in Iran: Review of the Epidemiological and Clinical Features.
TL;DR: Integrated VL surveillance system in primary care using DAT, could decrease mortality and morbidity of the disease in the VL endemic areas of the northwestern Iran.
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An observational study on the current distribution of visceral leishmaniasis in different geographical zones of Iran and implication to health policy.
Mehdi Mohebali,Gholam Hossein Edrissian,Mohammad Reza Shirzadi,Behnaz Akhoundi,Homa Hajjaran,Zabih Zarei,Soheila Molaei,Iraj Sharifi,Setareh Mamishi,Hossein Mahmoudvand,Vahid Torabi,Abdolali Moshfe,Abdolali Malmasi,Mohammad Hossein Motazedian,Mahdi Fakhar +14 more
TL;DR: It is indicated that Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis with different distribution occurs in different geographical locations of Iran.
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Atypical presentations of cutaneous leishmaniasis: A systematic review.
Camilla Barros Meireles,Laís Chaves Maia,Gustavo Coelho Soares,Ilara Parente Pinheiro Teodoro,Maria do Socorro Vieira Gadelha,Cláudio Gleidiston Lima da Silva,Marcos Antonio Pereira de Lima +6 more
TL;DR: A systematic review on atypical lesions of CL around the world, addressing clinico-epidemiological, immunological and therapeutic aspects, contributes for breaking the transmission chain of the parasite, due to early correct diagnosis which, in turn, contributes to reduce the prevalence.
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Molecular Identification and Polymorphism Determination of Cutaneous and Visceral Leishmaniasis Agents Isolated from Human and Animal Hosts in Iran
Homa Hajjaran,Mehdi Mohebali,Setareh Mamishi,Farzaneh Vasigheh,Mohammad Ali Oshaghi,Saied Reza Naddaf,Aref Teimouri,Gholam Hossein Edrissian,Zabiholah Zarei +8 more
TL;DR: The results showed that at least four different Leishmania species with various polymorphisms circulate among humans and animal hosts in Iran.
References
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Visceral Infection Caused by Leishmania tropica in Veterans of Operation Desert Storm
TL;DR: None of the eight soldiers evaluated had classic signs or symptoms of visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar), but L. tropica can produce visceral infection that can cause unexplained systemic illness in persons returning from areas where this organism is endemic.
Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: Parasitology and serology tests that were performed in 30 wild canines showed 10% these animals were infected by Leishmania infantum, and anti-leishmanial antibodies were detected in some of the seropositive dogs with specific clinical signs.
Journal Article
Application of Direct Agglutination Test (DAT) for the Diagnosis and Seroepidemiological Studies of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Iran
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TL;DR: Sero prevalence, geographical distribution, clinical signs and symptoms for human visceral leishmaniasis based on DAT for the period of 2002 through 2005 were determined and L. infantum Lon49 is the principal agent of the disease in human as well as animal reservoir hosts in different parts of Iran.
Journal ArticleDOI
Characterization of leishmania infection in rodents from endemic areas of the islamic republic of iran
Mehdi Mohebali,E Javadian,Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-Ershadi,Amir Ahmad Akhavan,Homa Hajjaran,M R Abaei +5 more
TL;DR: Between 1991-2000, Leishmania species were isolated and characterized by isoenzyme and molecular analysis from rodents caught in various parts of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and parasites were observed in liver and spleen from 13.7% of 504 rodents.
Journal ArticleDOI
Leishmaniasis and AIDS co-infection: the Spanish example.
TL;DR: There are an estimated 300 instances of Leishmania/HIV co-infection, of which 200 have occurred in Spain, and it is asked whether there is an epidemiological or immunological basis for this high proportion.