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Do recalcitrant seeds really exist

TLDR
It seems that the differences between recalcitrant and orthodox seeds lie only on the maturity stage in which they are detached from the mother plant, the recalcitrants ones in a very immature stage, which implies that little progress should be expected to expand the storability of these recal citrant seeds with the application of any treatment after harvesting.
Abstract
In the 70's, seeds were divided into two categories: recalcitrant and orthodox. In the 80's, it was necessary to create an intermediate category; from the 90's onwards, a gradient between orthodox and recalcitrant categories has been considered by several authors. Currently, the terms orthodox and recalcitrant are appropriate just for technological purposes, not for scientific studies. It seems that the differences between recalcitrant and orthodox seeds lie only on the maturity stage in which they are detached from the mother plant, the recalcitrant ones in a very immature stage. This implies that little progress should be expected to expand the storability of these recalcitrant seeds with the application of any treatment after harvesting. Efforts shall be focused on amplifying the maturation period of these seeds by keeping them linked to the mother plant until the maturation process has been completed.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

A new approach towards the so-called recalcitrant seeds

TL;DR: A new approach to understanding the differences betweenorthodox and recalcitrant seeds is presented here based on seed maturation, environmental influences, and evolution, and some new perspectives are considered for the recal citrant seed conservation technology.
Journal ArticleDOI

Changes in genomic 5-methylcytosine level mirror the response of orthodox (Acer platanoides L.) and recalcitrant (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) seeds to severe desiccation.

TL;DR: In the present comparative study, changes in the global levels of 5-methylcytosine (m5C) in orthodox and recalcitrant seeds of Acer platanoides L. and Acer pseudoplatanus L. were characterized during progressive stages of severe drying to indicate that desiccation-induced changes in m5C are both tissue- and seed category-specific and are highly correlated with recal citrant seed viability.
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Variations in desiccation tolerance in seeds of Eugenia pyriformis: dispersal at different stages of maturation

TL;DR: The aim of this study was to analyse whether the degree of tolerance to desiccation of uvaieira seeds depends on the stage of maturation of the seeds at shedding, including the environmental conditions in which the seeds develop, includingthe accumulation of degree-days and rainfall in the period.
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Metabolic Changes on the Acquisition of Desiccation Tolerance in Seeds of the Brazilian Native Tree Erythrina speciosa.

TL;DR: It is confirmed that raffinose is involved in desiccation tolerance in seeds of E. speciosa, especially considering the different subcellular compartments and suggests even that the acquisition of desiccence tolerance in this species occurs in stages prior to the major changes in WC.
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Tomato seed image analysis during the maturation

TL;DR: The correlations involving the analysis of X-ray showed that the seeds have embryos classified as normal tend to have higher vigor and produce normal seedlings, on the other hand, seeds with higher internal free area tend to be have low vigors and higher percentage of abnormal seedlings.
References
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TL;DR: Evidence is presented here showing that trehalose has a remarkably high glass-transition temperature (Tg), which makes this sugar useful in stabilization of biomolecules of use in human welfare and may explain the stability and longevity of anhydrobiotes that contain it.
Journal Article

Predicting the storage life of seeds

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Arabidopsis seed development and germination is associated with temporally distinct metabolic switches

TL;DR: The authors used metabolite profiling, in conjunction with selective mRNA and physiological profiling, to characterize Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seeds throughout development and germination, concluding that the metabolic preparation for germination and efficient seedling establishment initiates already during seed desiccation and continues by additional distinct metabolic switches during vernalization and early germination.
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The Limits and Frontiers of Desiccation-Tolerant Life

TL;DR: The current knowledge of limits to tolerance suggests that they pose few obstacles to engineering tolerance in prokaryotes and in isolated cells and tissues, and there has already been much success on this scientific frontier of desiccation tolerance, but physical and physiological constraints and perhaps other limits may explain the lack of success.
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Adaptations of higher plant cell walls to water loss: drought vs desiccation.

TL;DR: Common features and differences between these two water-deficit responses observed in plants are highlighted, emphasizing the role of the cell wall, while suggesting future research avenues that could benefit fundamental understanding in this area.