Enhancing the Accuracy of Off-Axis Flaw Sizing and Positioning in TOFD D-scans Using Mode-Converted Waves

TLDR: In this paper, the authors presented techniques developed for enhancing the accuracy of sizing and positioning of off-axis weld defects in ultrasonic time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD) D-scan data.

Abstract: Despite the recent popularity of ultrasonic time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD) as a reliable non-destructive testing technique for the inspection of weld defects in steel structures, the critical stages of data processing and interpretation are still performed manually. This depends heavily on the skill, experience, alertness and consistency of a trained operator, and is subject to inevitable human errors due to reduced alertness arising from operator fatigue and visual strain when processing large volumes of data. This paper presents techniques developed for enhancing the accuracy of sizing and positioning of off-axis weld flaws in TOFD D-scan data as an essential stage in a comprehensive TOFD inspection and interpretation system to aid the operator by automating some aspects of the processing and interpretation. Data manipulation and post-processing techniques have been specifically developed for the sizing of off-axis weld defects in TOFD data, significantly reducing the sizing and positioning errors. The mode-converted waves are utilised to enhance positional accuracy of flaws. The results achieved so far have been promising in terms of accuracy, consistency and reliability.