Journal ArticleDOI
Estrogens and Endometrial Cancer in a Retirement Community
Thomas M. Mack,M.C. Pike,Brian E. Henderson,Robert I. Pfeffer,Vibeke R. Gerkins,Mary Arthur,Sandra E. Brown +6 more
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TLDR
For an estrogen user, the risk from endometrial cancer appeared to exceed by far the base-line risk from any other single cancer, and a dose-response effect was demonstrated.Abstract:
All cases of endometrial cancer occurring among the residents of an affluent retirement community were compared with controls chosen from a roster of all women in the same community. Evidence of estrogen and other drug use and of selected medical conditions was obtained from three sources: medical records of the principal care facility, interviews, and the records of the local pharmacy. The risk ratio for any estrogen use was estimated from all available evidence to be 8.0 (95 per cent confidence interval, 3.5 to 18.1), and that for conjugated estrogen use to be 5.6 (95 per cent confidence interval, 2.8 to 11.1). Increased risk from estrogens was shown for invasive as well as noninvasive cancer, and a dose-response effect was demonstrated. For an estrogen user, the risk from endometrial cancer appeared to exceed by far the base-line risk from any other single cancer. (N Engl J Med 294:1262–1267, 1976)read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Hormone Therapy To Prevent Disease and Prolong Life in Postmenopausal Women
Deborah Grady,Susan M. Rubin,Diana B. Petitti,Cary Fox,Dennis M. Black,Bruce Ettinger,Virginia L. Ernster,Steven R. Cummings +7 more
TL;DR: To critically review the risks and benefits of hormone therapy for asymptomatic postmenopausal women who are considering long-term hormone therapy to prevent disease or to prolong life-long hormone therapy is critically reviewed.
Book
The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis
TL;DR: A meta-analysis is literally an analysis of analyses, but conventionally the term is defined as "analysis of analyses of analyses" as discussed by the authors, which is what we use in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Functional role of estrogen metabolism in target cells: review and perspectives.
Bao Ting Zhu,Allan H. Conney +1 more
TL;DR: Some of the many actions of estradiol may not be caused by est radiol per se, but may result from the formation of active estrogen metabolite(s) which function as local mediators or may activate their own unique receptors or effectors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hormone replacement therapy and endometrial cancer risk: A meta-analysis
Deborah Grady,Tebeb Gebretsadik,Tebeb Gebretsadik,Tebeb Gebretsadik,Karla Kerlikowske,Karla Kerlikowske,Karla Kerlikowske,Virginia L. Ernster,Virginia L. Ernster,Virginia L. Ernster,Diana B. Petitti,Diana B. Petitti,Diana B. Petitti +12 more
TL;DR: Endometrial cancer risk increases substantially with long duration of unopposed estrogen use, and this increased risk persists for several years after discontinuation of estrogen therapy, similar to the increased risk of developing the disease.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Increased risk of endometrial carcinoma among users of conjugated estrogens.
Harry K. Ziel,William D. Finkle +1 more
TL;DR: The possibility that the use of conjugated estrogens increases the risk of endometrial carcinoma was investigated in patients and a twofold age-matched control series from the same population, and data suggest that conjugate estrogens have an etiologic role in endometrian carcinoma.
Journal ArticleDOI
Association of exogenous estrogen and endometrial carcinoma.
TL;DR: Exogenous estrogen therapy is associated with an increased risk of endometrial carcinoma, but this increased relative risk is less apparent in patients with physiologic characteristics previously associated with a increased risk, and was highest in patients without obesity and hypertension.
Journal ArticleDOI
Estimation of relative risk from individually matched series.
TL;DR: The resulting maximum likelihood estimate is expressed in a closed form up to the case of two-to-one matching, while with 3 or more controls for each case a simple iterative procedure of obtaining the estimate is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Risk factors for endometrial cancer
TL;DR: Three categories of risk factors for endometrial cancer are reviewed and serve to focus attention on certain categories of high-risk women, but provide no basis for limiting screening to any subgroup of the population.
Book
Synopsis of gynecologic oncology
C. Paul Morrow,John P. Curtin +1 more
TL;DR: Staging and classification of malignant tumours in the female pelvis the revised Bethesda system for reporting cervical/vaginal cytologic diagnoses.
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