Journal ArticleDOI
Evidence of carnivore gnawing on Pleistocene and Recent mammalian bones
TLDR
Damage to the following elements is briefly described: antlers, vertebrae, scapulae, humeri, ulnae, radii, femora, tibiae, metapodials, and innominates.Abstract:
Based on inspection of gnawing damage done to bones of modern prey animals, sets of typical damage types or patterns are recognized for certain elements. The presence of these damage patterns suggests carnivore activity even when bones exhibit no identifiable tooth marks or other obvious sign of gnawing. Observations are made of these damage types on bones of Pleistocene and Recent North American mammals, including Bison, proboscidean, Alces, Equus, Cervus, and Rangifer. Damage to the following elements is briefly described: antlers, vertebrae, scapulae, humeri, ulnae, radii, femora, tibiae, metapodials, and innominates.read more
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Taphonomic and Ecologic Information Form Bone Weathering
TL;DR: In this article, a categorization of weathering characteristics into six stages, recognizable on descriptive criteria, provides a basis for investigation of the weathering rates and processes of recent mammals in the Amboseli Basin.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bone surface modifications in zooarchaeology
TL;DR: The current status of bone surface modification studies is assessed with regard to such issues as the need for greater analytical standardization, the selection of instruments for examining bone specimens, tactics for identifying the origins of marks on bones, and strategies for inferring human behaviors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Early hominid hunting, butchering, and carcass-processing behaviors: Approaches to the fossil record
Pat Shipman,Jennie J. Rose +1 more
TL;DR: Different criteria currently used as evidence of hominid involvement with ancient bones are reviewed and it is concluded that the presence of cutmarks, verified by scanning electron microscope (SEM) inspection, is the most reliable.
Journal ArticleDOI
A guide for differentiating mammalian carnivore taxa responsible for gnaw damage to herbivore limb bones
TL;DR: The diagnostic characteristics of damage done by each taxon to femora and tibiae of herbivores whose body weights are 300 kg or more of large cats, canids, bears, and hyenas are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Bone Density and Differential Survivorship of Fossil Classes
TL;DR: In this paper, a modele d'analyse taphonomique des vestiges fauniques is presented and tested for evaluating survivance differentielle des classes of fossiles.
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Journal Article
Taphonomic and Ecologic Information Form Bone Weathering
TL;DR: In this article, a categorization of weathering characteristics into six stages, recognizable on descriptive criteria, provides a basis for investigation of the weathering rates and processes of recent mammals in the Amboseli Basin.
Journal ArticleDOI
Taphonomic and ecologic information from bone weathering
TL;DR: In this paper, a categorization of weathering characteristics into six stages, recognizable on descriptive criteria, provides a basis for investigation of the weathering rates and processes of recent mammals in the Amboseli Basin.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spotted hyaena: crusher, gnawer, digester and collector of bones.
TL;DR: Studies in East Africa confirm that spotted hyaenas sometimes accumulate bones in their lairs, and four types of bone damage caused by the hyaena are defined.