Journal ArticleDOI
Experiments in Rainfall Estimation with a Polarimetric Radar in a Subtropical Environment
TLDR
In this paper, a unique dataset consisting of high-resolution polarimetric radar measurements and dense rain gauge and disdrometer observations collected in east-central Florida during the summer of 1998 was examined.Abstract:
A unique dataset consisting of high-resolution polarimetric radar measurements and dense rain gauge and disdrometer observations collected in east-central Florida during the summer of 1998 was examined. Comparison of the radar measurements and radar parameters computed from the disdrometer observations supported previous studies, which indicate that oscillating drops in the free atmosphere have more spherical apparent shapes in the mean than equilibrium shapes. Radar‐disdrometer comparisons improved markedly when using an empirical axis ratio relation developed from observational studies and representing more spherical drop shapes. Fixedform power-law rainfall estimators for radar reflectivity ( ZH), specific differential phase (KDP), specific differential phase‐differential reflectivity ( KDP, ZDR), and radar reflectivity‐differential reflectivity ( ZH, ZDR) were then determined using the disdrometer observations. Relations were produced for both equilibrium shapes and the empirical axis ratios. Polarimetric rainfall estimators based on more spherical shapes gave significantly improved performance. However, the improvement was largely in bias mitigation. Rainfall estimates with the ZH‐ZDR measurement pair had the highest correlation with rain gauge observations, the smallest range in bias factors from storm to storm, and the smallest root-mean-square error.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Raindrop Size Distribution Characteristics of Summer and Winter Season Rainfall Over North Taiwan
Balaji Kumar Seela,Balaji Kumar Seela,Jayalakshmi Janapati,Pay Liam Lin,Pao K. Wang,Pao K. Wang,Meng Tze Lee +6 more
TL;DR: Seela et al. as discussed by the authors studied the distribution of raindrop size distribution characteristics of summer and winter season rainfall over north Taiwan, and found that raindrop sizes varied with the season.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rainfall Estimation from C-Band Polarimetric Radar in Okinawa, Japan: Comparisons with 2D-Video Disdrometer and 400 MHz Wind Profiler
V. N. Bringi,Merhala Thurai,Katsuhiro Nakagawa,G.-J. Huang,T. Kobayashi,A. Adachi,Hiroshi Hanado,S. Sekizawa +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, an inter-comparison of rainfall parameters (median volume diameter and rain rate) using C-band polarimetric radar, a 2D-video disdrometer and a 400 MHz profiler for the Baiu front event of 8-9 June 2005 in Okinawa, Japan is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Freezing of Raindrops in Deep Convective Updrafts: A Microphysical and Polarimetric Model
TL;DR: In this article, a simplified, one-dimensional explicit bin microphysics model of stochastic drop nucleation by an immersed foreign particle and subsequent deterministic freezing is developed and coupled with an electromagnetic scattering model to explore the impact of the freezing process on the polarimetric radar variable.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Impact of Evaporation on Polarimetric Characteristics of Rain: Theoretical Model and Practical Implications
TL;DR: In this paper, a simple bin microphysics one-dimensional rainshaft model is constructed to quantify the impacts of evaporation (neglecting the collisional processes) on vertical profiles of polarimetric radar variables in rain.
Journal ArticleDOI
Drop Size Distribution Characteristics of Seven Typhoons in China
Long Wen,Kun Zhao,Gang Chen,Mingjun Wang,Bowen Zhou,Hao Huang,Dongming Hu,Wen-Chau Lee,Hanfeng Hu +8 more
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors investigated the characteristics of the drop size distribution (DSD) and drop shape relation (DSR) of seven typhoons after making landfall in China and derived a Z (reflectivity factor)-R (rain rate) relationship, Z = 147.28R, for typhoons over land in China.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The terminal velocity of fall for water droplets in stagnant air
Ross Gunn,Gilbert D. Kinzer +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the terminal velocities for distilled water droplets falling through stagnant air are accurately determined using a new method employing electronic techniques, and the over-all accuracy of the massterminal-velocity measurements is better than 0.7 per cent.
Book
Electromagnetic Wave Propagation, Radiation, and Scattering
TL;DR: In this article, the fundamental field equations of wave propagation in homogeneous and layered media waveguides and cavities have been studied, including the effects of a dipole on the conducting earth, inverse scattering radiometry, and interferometry numerical techniques.
Journal ArticleDOI
Potential Use of Radar Differential Reflectivity Measurements at Orthogonal Polarizations for Measuring Precipitation
T. A. Seliga,V. N. Bringi +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the potential use of differential reflectivity measurements at orthogonal polarizations to determine rain-fall rate was examined, which involves measurements of ZH and ZV, the radar reflectivity factors due to horizontally and vertically polarized incident waves respectively.
Journal ArticleDOI
A New Model for the Equilibrium Shape of Raindrops
TL;DR: In this paper, the equilibrium shape of raindrops has been determined from Laplace's equation using an internal hydrostatic pressure with an external aerodynamic pressure based on measurements for a sphere but adjusted for the effect of distortion.
Journal ArticleDOI
A wind tunnel investigation of the internal circulation and shape of water drops falling at terminal velocity in air
H. R. Pruppacher,K. V. Beard +1 more
TL;DR: The internal circulation and shape of water drops falling at terminal velocity in air of 20°C at sea level pressure, and nearly water saturated, were studied by means of a wind tunnel.