Journal ArticleDOI
Explosibility of hydrogen–graphite dust hybrid mixtures
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In this article, the authors evaluated the hazard of combined hydrogen/dust explosions under severe accident conditions in International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), using a standard method of 20-L-sphere to measure the explosion indices of 4-μm fine graphite dust.Abstract:
To evaluate the hazard of combined hydrogen/dust explosions under severe accident conditions in International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), standard method of 20-L-sphere was used to measure the explosion indices of 4-μm fine graphite dust in lean hydrogen/air mixtures The mixtures were ignited by a weak electric spark The tested fuel concentrations were 8–18 vol% H2 and 25–250 g/m3 dust If the hydrogen content is higher than 10 vol%, the dust constituent can be induced to explode by the hydrogen explosion initiated by a weak electric spark Depending on the fuel component concentrations, the explosions proceed in either one or two stages In two-stage explosions occurring at low hydrogen and dust concentrations, the mixture ignition initiates first a fast hydrogen explosion followed by a slower phase of the dust explosion With increasing dust concentration, the dust explodes faster and can overlap the hydrogen-explosion stage At higher hydrogen concentrations, the hybrid mixtures explode in one stage, with hydrogen and dust reacting at the same time scale Maximum overpressures of hybrid explosions are higher than those observed with hydrogen alone; maximum rates of pressure rise are lower in two-phase explosions and, generally, higher in one-stage explosions, than those characteristic of the corresponding H2/air mixturesread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Dust/gas mixtures explosion regimes
TL;DR: In this article, the explosion features of nicotinic acid dust in atmosphere of methane and air at different concentrations of either dust or gaseous fuel were studied and the authors defined five different regimes of the gas/dust/air mixture explosion in the plane dust concentration vs. fuel concentration.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prevention and mitigation of dust and hybrid mixture explosions
Paul Amyotte,Matthew Lindsay,Ruth Domaratzki,Neil Marchand,Almerinda Di Benedetto,Paola Russo +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the importance of the prevention and mitigation of dust and hybrid mixture explosions and demonstrate the use of the inherent safety principle of moderation to achieve a significant reduction of the risk of explosions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Study of the severity of hybrid mixture explosions and comparison to pure dust–air and vapour–air explosions
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the explosion behavior of heterogeneous/homogeneous fuel-air (hybrid) mixtures and compared to the explosion features of homogeneous fuel and fuel mixture separately, and showed that the increase in explosion severity of dust/gas-air mixtures has to be addressed to the role of initial level of turbulence prior to ignition.
Journal ArticleDOI
Explosion severity of methane-coal dust hybrid mixtures in a ducted spherical vessel
TL;DR: In this paper, an investigation on the explosion characteristics of coal dust and methane-coal dust hybrid mixtures in a ducted spherical vessel is presented. But, the authors did not consider the effects of methane addition to coal dust-air mixtures and found that coal dust explosions increased significantly in the presence of methane.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ignition sensitivity of gas–vapor/dust hybrid mixtures
TL;DR: In this article, the explosion sensitivity of various gas or vapor/dust mixtures has been studied thanks to specifically modified apparatuses based on a 20 L sphere and a Hartmann tube.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Flammability of methane, propane, and hydrogen gases
Kenneth L. Cashdollar,Isaac A. Zlochower,Gregory M. Green,Richard A. Thomas,Martin Hertzberg +4 more
TL;DR: In this article, the results of flammability studies for methane, propane, hydrogen, and deuterium gases in air conducted by the Pittsburgh Research Laboratory were reported, which illustrate the complications associated with buoyancy, turbulence, selective diffusion, and ignitor strength versus chamber size.
Journal ArticleDOI
Coal dust explosibility
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of coal volatility and particle size were evaluated, and the particle size was determined to be at least as important as volatility in determining the explosion hazard for all coals tested, the finest sizes were the most hazardous.
Journal ArticleDOI
The ignitability of coal dust-air and methane-coal dust-air mixtures
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental investigation of coal dust explosions was conducted in a 26 1 spherical chamber, where coal samples of coal from the Prince and Phalen mines of the Cape Breton Development Corporation were used.
Book ChapterDOI
Introduction to Dust Explosions
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the phenomena associated with the occurrence of dust explosions, with several specific examples of dusts that react so rapidly and exothermically with air that destructive pressures are generated when they are dispersed and ignited.
Book
Industrial Dust Explosions
TL;DR: In a recent symposium on industrial dust explosions, the majority of the contributions were relevant to coal handling and storage as discussed by the authors. But coal pulverizer fires and explosions were not discussed.