Formation of quartz overgrowths in the Penrith Sandstone (Lower Permian) of Northwest England as revealed by scanning electron microscopy

TLDR: The development of optically continuous quartz overgrowths is governed by the atomic structure and crystallographic orientation of the detrital quartz grains as mentioned in this paper, and growth is particularly rapid along the direction of the c-axis.

Abstract: SUMMARY The development of optically continuous quartz overgrowths is governed by the atomic structure and crystallographic orientation of the detrital quartz grains. Initial growth commences with the appearance of numerous oriented projections, with rhombohedral and prismatic form, on grain surfaces. Merging and overlap of the projections results in the formation of large crystal faces whose form is dependent upon the initial location of the projections with respect to the internal crystallographic axes. Growth is particularly rapid along the direction of the c-axis. For unicrystalline quartz grains the ultimate growth phase is the production of polyhedral quartz crystals having the appearance of hexagonal dipyramids. In polycrystalline grains each quartz unit within a single grain develops a separate overgrowth, the form of which is similarly controlled by the internal structure of the individual quartz units. Hence, the completed overgrowth shows an irregular distribution of diversely oriented prism and rhombohedral faces.