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GRAPES User's Manual.

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TLDR
GRAPES is a goal-restricted production system designed for modeling human cognitive processes and is best-suited for highly goal-directed tasks involving planning or problem solving.
Abstract
: GRAPES is a goal-restricted production system designed for modeling human cognitive processes. The system's declarative knowledge resides in a dynamic working memory and its procedural knowledge is embodied in condition-action rules known as productions. Each production can apply only in reference to the current goal. The goals are organized in an and/or tree with the root mode being the top goal, which is specified by the user. The tree is explored in a left-to-right, depth-first manner. Features of the language include goal parameter specification, flexible goal matching, LISP functions calls within production rules, and a host of user-accessible functions designed for their powerful matching ability. The interpreter includes an interrupt capability, a photo package, a tracing mechanism, and various debugging facilities. One peripheral module contains proceduralization and composition, two learning mechanisms used to acquire new productions. Another module contains useful functions for modelling LISP programmers. GRAPES is best-suited for highly goal-directed tasks involving planning or problem solving.

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Journal ArticleDOI

Skill Acquisition: Compilation of Weak-Method Problem Solutions.

TL;DR: Cognitive skills are encoded by a set of productions, which are organized according to a hierarchical goal structure, which implies that all variety of skill acquisition, including that typically regarded as inductive, conforms to this characterization.
Journal ArticleDOI

Learning to program in LISP

TL;DR: The processes by which subjects write LISP functions to meet problem specifications has been modeled in a simulation program called GRAPES (Goal Restricted Production System), which simulates the top-down, depth-first flow of control exhibited by subjects and produces code very similar to subject code.
Journal ArticleDOI

Learning to Program in LISP1

TL;DR: The processes by which subjects write LISP functions to meet problem specifications has been modeled in a simulation program called GRAPES (Goal Restricted Production System), which simulates the top-down, depth-first flow of control exhibited by subjects and produces code very similar to subject code.
Journal ArticleDOI

The automated tutoring of introductory computer programming

TL;DR: The methodologies of artificial intelligence and the knowledge of cognitive psychology can be used to automatically generate fine-grain tutorial interactions, rather than having to program them manually.