Journal ArticleDOI
Historical Changes in the Forests of the Luce District of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan
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This paper examined changes in forests of the Luce District in Upper Michigan over the past 150 y and found that the presettlement landscape was a mixed conifer matrix (39% of total area), interspersed primarily with northern hardwoods (29%), wetlands (14%), and fire-susceptible pinelands (13%).Abstract:
General Land Office (GLO) survey notes (1840–1856), current land cover generated from Landsat TM Imagery (1991) and the Forest Inventory and Analysis plots (1991–1992, US Forest Service) were used to examine changes in forests of the Luce District in Upper Michigan over the past 150 y. Historical changes in two subdistricts, Grand Marais and Seney, were also analyzed. Interpretation of GLO notes showed that the presettlement landscape was a mixed conifer matrix (39% of total area), interspersed primarily with northern hardwoods (29%), wetlands (14%) and fire-susceptible pinelands (13%). Estimates of pre-European settlement stand density ranged from 81 trees/ha in open lands to 408 trees/ha in northern white cedar stands (Thuja occidentalis), and estimates of basal area ranged from 3.5 m2/ha in wetlands to 27.7 m2/ha in mixed hardwood/conifer forests. Notable changes in species composition over the last 150 y are the increase of red maple (Acer rubrum; +14%) and the decline of tamarack (Larix lari...read more
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Homogenization of northern U.S. Great Lakes forests due to land use
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors quantify the regional-scale consequences of a century of Euro-American land use in the northern U.S. Great Lakes region using a combination of historical Public Land Survey records and current forest inventory and land cover data.
Journal ArticleDOI
Is climate an important driver of post‐European vegetation change in the Eastern United States?
TL;DR: The results of this study suggest that altered disturbance regimes rather than climate had the greatest influence on vegetation composition and dynamics in the eastern United States over multiple centuries.
Journal ArticleDOI
Promoting and maintaining diversity in contemporary hardwood forests: Confronting contemporary drivers of change and the loss of ecological memory
Christopher R. Webster,Yvette L. Dickinson,Julia I. Burton,Lee E. Frelich,Michael A. Jenkins,Christel C. Kern,Patricia Raymond,Michael R. Saunders,Michael B. Walters,John L. Willis +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors review how historical timber harvesting and land use, increases in deer population sizes, invasive species, and contemporary forest management practices interact to erode ecological memory and increase resilience debt of hardwood forests of eastern North America.
Journal ArticleDOI
Logging-induced change (1930-2002) of a preindustrial landscape at the northern range limit of northern hardwoods, eastern Canada
TL;DR: Logging-induced changes from preindustrial to current conditions (2002) were studied in a landscape covering 13 550 ha in eastern Quebec to study age and types of forest cover.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Use of Distance Measures in Phytosociological Sampling
Grant Cottam,John T. Curtis +1 more
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The interrelations of certain analytic and synthetic phytosociological characters
John T. Curtis,R. P. McIntosh +1 more
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Fire in the Virgin Forests of the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, Minnesota
TL;DR: In the Boundary Waters Canoe Area, fire was a major ecosystem factor before European man arrived, and even before early man migrated to North America as discussed by the authors, and the whole ecosystem was fire-dependent.
Journal ArticleDOI
Patterns of disturbance in some old-growth mesic forests of eastern north america'
TL;DR: The disturbance regimes in the forests studied favored tolerant species but allowed opportunists to persist at low densities, and vegetation within gaps increased in woody species diversity, total basal area, and total number of stems.