Journal ArticleDOI
Immediate physiological responses of healthy volunteers to different types of music: cardiovascular, hormonal and mental changes
TLDR
It would seem to be possible to detect cardiovascular changes following different types of music by Doppler ultrasound and hormone analysis, meditative music having promising therapeutic implications in the treatment of conditions of stress.Abstract:
A group of 20 healthy volunteers [10 women, 10 men; median age 25 (20–33) years] were examined by means of pulsed wave Doppler echocardiography, blood sample analysis and psychological testing before and after listening to three different examples of music: a waltz by J. Strauss, a modern classic by H. W. Henze, and meditative music by R. Shankar. To assess small haemodynamic changes, mitral flow, which reflects left ventricular diastolic behaviour, was measured by Doppler ultrasound. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure and plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol, prolactin, adrenaline, noradrenaline, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) were determined simultaneously. Transmitral flow profile is characterized by early E-wave and late atrial induced A-wave. Velocity-time integrals were measured and the atrial filling fraction was calculated. The mental state was measured by using a psychological score (Zerssen) with low values (minimum 0) for enthusiastic and high values (maximum 56) for depressive patterns. Music by J. Strauss resulted in an increase of atrial filling fraction (AFF; 29% vs 26%;P<0.05) and ANP (63 pg·ml−1 vs 60 pg·ml−1;P<0.05). The mental state was improved (Zerssen: 6.5 vs 11 points;P<0.05). After the music of H. W. Henze prolactin values were lowered (7.7 ng·ml−1 vs 9.1 ng·ml−1;P<0.01). The music of R. Shankar led to a decrease of cortisol concentrations (57 ng·ml−1 vs 65 ng·ml−1;P<0.001), noradrenaline concentrations (209 μg·l−1 vs 256 μg·l−1;P<0.01) andt-PAantigen concentrations (1.1 ng·ml−1 vs 1.4 ng·ml−1;P<0.05). Heart rate and blood pressure remained unchanged during the whole experiment. We concluded that different types of music induced changes of left ventricular diastolic function and plasma hormone concentrations. After rhythmic music (Strauss) AFF and ANP increased significantly, the mental state being improved. Meditative music (Shankar) lowered plasma cortisol, noradrenaline and t-PA concentrations; the observed increase of early left ventricular filling was not statistically significant. Prolactin concentrations decreased after modern music (Henze). Thus, it would seem to be possible to detect cardiovascular changes following different types of music by Doppler ultrasound and hormone analysis, meditative music having promising therapeutic implications in the treatment of conditions of stress.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The neurochemistry of music
TL;DR: The evidence that music improves health and well-being through the engagement of neurochemical systems for reward, motivation, and pleasure; stress and arousal; and immunity is evaluated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory changes induced by different types of music in musicians and non-musicians: the importance of silence
TL;DR: Music induces an arousal effect, predominantly related to the tempo, that may first concentrate attention during faster rhythms, then induce relaxation during pauses or slower rhythms, especially in trained subjects.
Journal ArticleDOI
Active music therapy in Parkinson's disease: an integrative method for motor and emotional rehabilitation.
Claudio Pacchetti,Francesca Mancini,Roberto Aglieri,Cira Fundarò,Emilia Martignoni,Giuseppe Nappi +5 more
TL;DR: MT is effective on motor, affective, and behavioral functions in patients with Parkinson’s disease and is proposed as a new method for inclusion in PD rehabilitation programs.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Effect of Music on the Human Stress Response
Myriam V. Thoma,Myriam V. Thoma,Roberto La Marca,Rebecca Brönnimann,Linda Finkel,Ulrike Ehlert,Urs M. Nater +6 more
TL;DR: Listening to music prior to a standardized stressor predominantly affected the autonomic nervous system, and to a lesser degree the endocrine and psychological stress response, which may help better understanding the beneficial effects of music on the human body.
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