Showing papers in "Trends in Cognitive Sciences in 2013"

TL;DR: Combining data from numerous empirical and computational studies, network approaches strongly suggest that brain hubs play important roles in information integration underpinning numerous aspects of complex cognitive function.

TL;DR: A predictive, inferential perspective on interoception: 'interoceptive inference' conceives of subjective feeling states (emotions) as arising from actively-inferred generative (predictive) models of the causes of interoceptive afferents.

TL;DR: It is shown that automatic, intuitive responses favor cooperative strategies that reciprocate: it is argued that this behavior reflects the overgeneralization of cooperative strategies learned in the context of direct and indirect reciprocity.

TL;DR: It is proposed that the ventral pathway is best understood as a recurrent occipitotemporal network containing neural representations of object quality both utilized and constrained by at least six distinct cortical and subcortical systems.

TL;DR: It is suggested that various long-axis specializations arise out of differences between the anterior and posterior hippocampus in large-scale network connectivity, the organization of entorhinal grid cells, and subfield compositions that bias the aHPC and pHPC towards pattern completion and separation, respectively.

TL;DR: The use of resting-state functional MRI for the purpose of mapping the macroscopic functional connectome is reviewed and MRI acquisition and image-processing methods commonly used to generate data in a form amenable to connectomics network analysis are described.

TL;DR: For instance, this paper showed that visual working memory capacity is strongly correlated with overall cognitive ability, can be understood at the level of neural circuits, and is easily measured, and that capacity influences tasks ranging from saccade targeting to analogical reasoning.

TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of exercise on hippocampal structure and function, addressing common themes such as spatial memory and pattern separation, brain structure and plasticity, neurotrophic factors, and vasculature.

TL;DR: Representational geometry is a framework that enables us to relate brain, computation, and cognition and review recent insights into perception, cognition, memory, and action.

TL;DR: The evidence that music improves health and well-being through the engagement of neurochemical systems for reward, motivation, and pleasure; stress and arousal; and immunity is evaluated.

TL;DR: It is concluded that cognitive reserve is compatible and complementary with many related concepts, but that each much draw sharper conceptual boundaries in order to truly explain preserved cognitive function in the face of aging or brain damage.

TL;DR: These findings elucidate the neuroanatomical substrate for cerebellar involvement in non-motor functions mediated by the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortex, as well as in processes traditionally associated with the basal ganglia.

TL;DR: The synthesis presented expands the implications of the proposed account of the parahippocampal cortex, gives rise to new and general questions about context and cognition, and reconciles a vast breadth of literature.

TL;DR: A hypothesis about how association networks evolved their prominence and came to possess circuit properties vital to human cognition is offered, as well as its broad implications for understanding critical features of the human brain as a byproduct of size scaling.

TL;DR: Eye movements reflect visual information searching in multiple conditions and are amenable for cellular-level investigations, which suggests that the oculomotor system is an excellent model system for understanding information-sampling mechanisms.

TL;DR: Four semantic mechanisms are proposed and spelt out at the level of neuronal circuits: referential semantics, which establishes links between symbols and the objects and actions they are used to speak about; combinatorial semantics.

TL;DR: It is shown that the unified nature of human language arises from a shared, species-specific computational ability that has identifiable correlates in the brain and has remained fixed since the origin of language approximately 100 thousand years ago.

TL;DR: Meta-analytic evidence is presented that is consistent with the anatomical convergence of attention, memory, language, and social processing in the temporal-parietal junction, leading to a higher-order role in the creation of a social context for behavior.

TL;DR: It is argued that the study of transitory task-based interactions between brain systems is critical to understanding the flexibility of normal cognitive control and its disruption in pathological conditions.

TL;DR: It is suggested that cognition should not be understood as providing models of the world, but as subserving action and being grounded in sensorimotor coupling, and cognitive processes and their underlying neural activity patterns should be studied primarily with respect to their role in action generation.

TL;DR: This work proposes that a brain-wide well-regulated decay process, occurring mostly during sleep, systematically removes selected memories and down-regulation of this decay process can increase the life expectancy of a memory and may eventually prevent its loss.

TL;DR: It is argued that, despite being generally adaptive, this stress-induced shift towards 'habit' memory may, in vulnerable individuals, be a risk factor for psychopathology.

TL;DR: In this paper, recent contributions of network theory at different levels and domains within the Cognitive Sciences are reviewed.

TL;DR: A recent study shows that the fronto-parietal network, and subregions therein, alters its functional connectivity with nodes of other networks based on task goals, and serves as a code that can be transferred to facilitate learning novel tasks.

TL;DR: A novel theoretical perspective is presented, which elucidates the developmental emergence, computational properties, and vulnerabilities of integrated circuits using face and word recognition as model domains and suggests that, rather than being disparate and independent, these neural circuits are overlapping and subject to the same computational constraints.

TL;DR: This work claims that a variety of capacity-limited buffers related to attention, recognition, and memory have a two-dimensional 'map' architecture, where individual items compete for cortical real estate.

TL;DR: How complementary methods for probing functional connectivity are providing unique insights into the emergence and maturation of distinct functional networks from childhood to adulthood is described.

TL;DR: This paper found that memory consolidation during sleep is instrumental for actively maintaining the storehouse of memories that individuals carry through their lives and demonstrated that neurocognitive processing during sleep can benefit memory storage when memories are covertly cued via auditory or olfactory stimulation.

TL;DR: This article examines the function and significance for interacting agents of sharing minds in an irreducibly collective mode called the 'the authors-mode', which captures the viewpoint of individuals engaged in social interactions and thus expands each individual's potential for social understanding and action.

TL;DR: A causal model is provided that accounts for neural abnormalities in PTSD and its clinical implications are outlined, suggesting that abnormalities within the amygdala and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex represent predisposing risk factors for developing PTSD, whereas dysfunctional hippocampal-ventromedial prefrontal cortex interactions may become evident only after having developed the disorder.