Enthymeme reconstruction, i.e. the task of reformulating arguments with missing propositions, is an exciting task at the borderline of text understanding and argument interpretation. However, there is some doubt in the community about the feasibility of this task due to the wide range of possible reformulations that are open to humans. We therefore believe that research on how to define an objective ground truth for these tasks is necessary before any work on the automatic reconstruction can begin. Here, we present a feasibility study for the task of finding and expanding enthymemes involving a fortiori arguments in realworld texts, and we show that given a sufficiently strict reformulation of the human annotation task, substantial agreement can be achieved. We split the task into three sub-tasks: 1. deciding whether a candidate text span really represents an enthymematic argument, 2. classifying the type of a fortiori argument concerned and 3. describing the missing premise in natural language. In a case study involving the two authors of this paper as annotators, we test a specific type of a fortiori arguments, the let alone construction, for its suitability for reaching high agreement in all three stages of the task. We also discuss pragmatic effects of let alone and how they relate to argumentation theory.

background

Introduction to Logic.

Finding enthymemes in real-world texts: A feasibility study

Why do managers resist change? While this question has incited a lot of curiosity among researchers in the field of strategic management, it remains inconclusive. Therefore, I analyze the evolution of mental models or ‘dominant logic’ in order to reveal insights about the difference in the constitution of mental models. Based on the original definition of ‘dominant logic’ as "knowledge structure (of a firm’s business strategy)" (Prahalad and Bettis, 1986), a knowledge-based view of the firm (Nonaka, 1994; Grant, 1996; Spender, 1996; Von Krogh and Grand, 2000) is adopted. In addition, this research relies on insights from cognitive social psychology (e.g. Ginsberg, 1990) and evolutionary theory (Nelson and Winter, 1982, Dosi and Nelson, 1994) in order to elicit patterns in the evolution of managers’ mental models in six software ventures, divided into 3 age groups according to a central hypothesis on strategic inertia in three age categories.

background or methods

The Evolution of Dominant Logic in Relation to Strategic Inertia in Software Ventures

The number of times that we can access a system to extract information via quantum metrology is always finite, and possibly small, and realistic amounts of prior knowledge tend to be moderate. Thus theoretical consistency demands a methodology that departs from asymptotic approximations and restricted parameter locations, while practical convenience requires that it is also flexible and easy to use in applications with limited data. We submit that this methodology can and should be built on a Bayesian framework, and in this thesis we propose, construct, explore and exploit a new non-asymptotic quantum metrology. First we show the consistency of taking those solutions that are optimal in the asymptotic regime of many trials as a guide to calculate a Bayesian measure of uncertainty. This provides an approximate but useful way of studying the non-asymptotic regime whenever an exact optimisation is intractable, and it avoids the non-physical results that can arise when only the asymptotic theory is used. Secondly, we construct a new non-asymptotic Bayesian bound without relying on the previous approximation by first selecting a single-shot optimal quantum strategy, and then simulating a sequence of repetitions of this scheme. These methods are then applied to a single-parameter Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and to multi-parameter qubit and optical sensing networks. Our results provide a detailed characterisation of how the interplay between prior information, correlations and a limited amount of data affects the performance of quantum metrology protocols, which opens the door to a vast set of unexplored possibilities to enhance non-asymptotic schemes. Finally, we provide practical researchers with a numerical toolbox for Bayesian metrology, while theoretical workers will benefit from the broader and more fundamental perspective that arises from the unified character of our methodology.

Non-asymptotic quantum metrology

Within recent feminist philosophy, controversy has developed over the desirability, and indeed, the possibility of defining the central terms of its analysis-"woman," "femininity," etc. The controversy results largely from the undertheorization of the notion of definition; feminists have uncritically adopted an Aristotelian treatment of definition as entailing metaphysical, rather than merely linguistic, commitments. A "discursive" approach to definition, by contrast, allows us to define our terms, while avoiding the dangers of essentialism and universalism. Feminist philosophy is not characterized by a high level of agreement over its basic tenets and themes. Over the past few years, however, a certain level of agreement has been reached over the constitutive role of language in structuring women's social and political reality. The concern over the role of language and representation in our lives has commonly turned to the difficulties of delineating terms of self-definition and self-determination for women. This issue, especially as pursued within certain currents of recent French feminist philosophy, has sometimes been characterized as that of articulating the "name of woman" beyond that attributed to her within the discursive order of patriarchy. Feminists have attempted to determine the terms by which "woman" might ideally be situated in philosophy and in the discursive practices that philosophy is taken to underwrite. Here the controversy reappears, centering on questions of whether it is desirable, or indeed possible, to define the terms that are central to the feminist analysis: the terms "woman," "femininity," "the feminine," and so on. In this paper, I will focus on this issue of definition and outline an approach that helps to resolve some of the difficulties that the attempt at self-determination raises for feminism. For the issue of definition is undertheorized, both in feminist philosophy and in philosophy more generally. One thing is clear: the feminist

Introduction to Logic.

Citations

Finding enthymemes in real-world texts: A feasibility study

The Evolution of Dominant Logic in Relation to Strategic Inertia in Software Ventures

Non-asymptotic quantum metrology

Definition and the Question of “Woman”

Entrepreneurship, evolution, and the entropy law