Journal ArticleDOI
Is there a future for sequential chemical extraction
TLDR
This review uses evidence from the literature to consider the usefulness and limitations of sequential extraction, and discusses typical applications from the recent literature for which sequential extraction can provide useful and meaningful information.Abstract:
Since their introduction in the late 1970s, sequential extraction procedures have experienced a rapid increase in use. They are now applied for a large number of potentially toxic elements in a wide range of sample types. This review uses evidence from the literature to consider the usefulness and limitations of sequential extraction and thereby to assess its future role in environmental chemical analysis. It is not the intention to provide a comprehensive survey of all applications of sequential extractions or to consider the merits and disadvantages of individual schemes. These aspects have been covered adequately in other, recent reviews. This review focuses in particular on various key issues surrounding sequential extractions such as nomenclature, methodologies, presentation of data and interpretation of data, and discusses typical applications from the recent literature for which sequential extraction can provide useful and meaningful information. Also covered are emerging developments such as accelerated procedures using ultrasound- or microwave energy-assisted extractions, dynamic extractions, the use of chemometrics, the combination of sequential extraction with isotope analysis, and the extension of the approach to non-traditional analytes such as arsenic, mercury, selenium and radionuclides.read more
Citations
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Heavy metals in soils : trace metals and metalloids in soils and their bioavailability
TL;DR: In this article, the authors defined the sources of heavy metals and metalloids in Soils and derived methods for the determination of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in soil.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemical stabilization of metals and arsenic in contaminated soils using oxides--a review.
TL;DR: This review summarizes literature data on mechanisms involved in the immobilization process and presents results from laboratory and field experiments, including the subsequent influence on higher plants and aided phytostabilization, evaluating the stability of the oxide-based amendments in the treated soils and their efficiency in the long-term.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of heavy metal pollutants accumulation in the Tisza river sediments
TL;DR: Sediments of the Tisza serve as a repository for heavy metal accumulation from adjacent urban and industrial areas and is slightly to moderately severely polluted with Cu, Zn, and Pb, and minorly polluted with Cr.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of trace metals contamination in estuarine sediments using a sequential extraction technique and principal component analysis
Elisangela de Andrade Passos,Jeferson Cavalcante Alves,Izaias Souza dos Santos,José do Patrocínio Hora Alves,Carlos Alexandre Borges Garcia,Antonio Celso Spinola Costa +5 more
TL;DR: Fractionation of the metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn was performed for samples collected from eight locations in the Poxim river estuary of Sergipe State, northeast Brazil, using the 3-stage sequential extraction procedure proposed by the European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Critical evaluation of municipal solid waste composting and potential compost markets
Mark Farrell,Davey L. Jones +1 more
TL;DR: Although MSW-derived composts are of low value, they still represent a valuable resource particularly for use in post-industrial environments, and a holistic view should be taken when regulating the use of such composts.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals
TL;DR: In this paper, an analytical procedure involving sequential chemicai extractions was developed for the partitioning of particulate trace metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe, and Mn) into five fractions: exchangeable, bound to carbonates, binding to Fe-Mn oxides and bound to organic matter.
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Improvement of the BCR three step sequential extraction procedure prior to the certification of new sediment and soil reference materials
Gemma Rauret,José Fermín López-Sánchez,Angels Sahuquillo,Roser Rubio,Christine M. Davidson,Allan M. Ure,Ph. Quevauviller +6 more
TL;DR: An improvement to the BCR sequential extraction procedure through intercomparison exercises is offered, which will allow the obtaining of CRMs to validate analytical data in the analysis of soils and sediments, and it will also facilitate comparability ofData in the European Union.
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Speciation of Heavy Metals in Soils and Sediments. An Account of the Improvement and Harmonization of Extraction Techniques Undertaken Under the Auspices of the BCR of the Commission of the European Communities
TL;DR: In this article, a series of investigations and collaborative studies, initiated by BCR, on current methods of metal speciation by extraction of soils and sediments with chemical reagents are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development of a sequential extraction procedure for iron: implications for iron partitioning in continentally derived particulates
TL;DR: In this paper, the development of a sequential extraction procedure for iron in modern and ancient sediments is presented, which recognizes seven operationally derived iron pools: (1) carbonate associated Fe (Fe carb ), including siderite and ankerite; (2) easily reducible oxides (Fe ox1 ), including ferrihydrite and lepidocrocite; and (3) reducible Oxides(Fe ox2 ), including goethite, hematite and akaganeite, (4) magnetite (Fe mag ); (5)
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemical sequential extraction for metal partitioning in environmental solid samples.
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the sequential extraction schemes for metal fractionation in environmental samples (ie., sediment, soil, sewage sludge, fly ash, etc.), which covers principally the literature published over the last decade is presented.