Q2. What is the way to correct the deficiency of linear through-thickness?
Classic shell theory hypotheses, such as invoking the plane stress condition in the through-thickness direction, may be sufficient to correct the deficiency of linear through-thickness displacement variation.
Q3. What is the affine transformation of a B-spline curve?
(2) Repeating a knot or control point k times decreases the number of continuous derivatives by k. (3) An affine transformation of a B-spline curve is obtained by applying the transformation to the control points.
Q4. How much time is devoted to mesh generation in the automotive, aerospace, and ship building industries?
It is estimated that about 80% of overall analysis time is devoted to mesh generation in the automotive, aerospace, and ship building industries.
Q5. Why is the main point of the present study to assess the ability of NURBS to deal?
the main point of the present study is to assess the ability of NURBS (in this case, B-splines because of the simplicity of the domain) to deal with unresolved boundary and interior layers.
Q6. What was the reason for the lack of satisfaction of the isoparametric concept?
the lack of satisfaction of the isoparametric concept led to theoretical questions which were addressed in later versionsof the code by abandoning the exact geometry in favor of high-order polynomial approximations [7].
Q7. What is the number of continuous derivatives of the basis functions at n?
If a unique knot value, n, is inserted between two distinct knots in a curve of order p, the number of continuous derivatives of the basis functions at n is p 1.
Q8. What is the degree of continuity of the cubic and quartic NURBS?
The cubic and quartic cases were obtained from the quadratic case by k-refinement, in which case the degree of continuity was increased to C2 and C3, respectively.
Q9. What is the rate of convergence for the cylinder with a circular hole?
As in the example of the plate with a circular hole, the rates of convergence for quadratic, cubic, and quartic NURBS elements are 2, 3, and 4, respectively.
Q10. What is the reason that adaptive mesh refinement is still an academic activity?
The fact that finite element mesh refinement strategies require interaction with the CAD system at each stage may be the reason that adaptive mesh refinement, despite its benefits, is still primarily an academic activity and one that has not significantly penetrated the industrial sector.
Q11. What is the way to improve the accuracy of computed wall quantities?
It is also well known in computational fluid dynamics that good quality boundary layer meshes significantly improve the accuracy of computed wall quantities, such as pressure, friction coefficient, and heat flux; see Fig.
Q12. What is the process for subdividing a Bézier curve into many segments?
The process for doing this involves subdividing the curve into many Bézier curves by knot insertion (see [1] or [21] for a discussion of Bézier curves), order elevating each of these individual segments, and then removing the unnecessary knots to combine the segments into one, order-elevated, B-spline curve.
Q13. What is the fruitful direction to change the geometry?
It is clear from the smaller size of the CAE industry compared with the CAD industry that the most fruitful direction would be to attempt to change, or replace, finite element analysis with something more CAD-like.
Q14. What is the significance of geometric errors in engineering applications?
The seriousness of this result is compounded by the fact that computed quantities defined on boundaries are usually the most important ones in engineering applications, and this is where geometric errors are most harmful.