Journal ArticleDOI
January and July Simulations with a Spectral General Circulation Model
Eric J. Pitcher,Robert C. Malone,Veerabhadran Ramanathan,Maurice L. Blackmon,Kamal Puri,William Bourke +5 more
TLDR
In this paper, the results of January and July simulations carded out with a nine-level spectral model, employing a rhomboidal truncation at wavenumber 15, are described.Abstract:
We describe the results of January and July simulations carded out with a nine-level spectral model, employing a rhomboidal truncation at wavenumber 15. Sea-surface temperature, sea-ice distribution and solar zenith angle are held constant in each simulation. The model includes interactive clouds and radiative processes after Ramanathan et al. (1983). Selected fields are shown which highlight the model's strengths and weaknesses. The latitude-height distribution of the zonal wind is successfully simulated. The model captures the separation between the wintertime westerly jets in the troposphere and stratosphere and thus simulates the sign reversal in the vertical wind shear across the jet axis in the upper troposphere. In addition to the zonal wind, we show also the zonally averaged temperature, meridional wind and vertical velocity. Regional distributions of sea-level pressure, surface air temperature, precipitation and a number of other fields defined at various pressure levels are compared in ...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Climatic changes of the last 18,000 years: observations and model simulations
TL;DR: In this article, changes in solar radiation arising from changes in the orientation of the earth's axis had pronounced effects on tropical monsoons and mid-latitude climates as well as on ice-sheet configuration.
Journal ArticleDOI
The National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model: CCM3*
Jeffrey T. Kiehl,James J. Hack,Gordon B. Bonan,Byron A. Boville,David L. Williamson,Philip J. Rasch +5 more
TL;DR: The latest version of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate Model (CCM3) is described in this article, where the changes in both physical and dynamical formulation from CCM2 to CCM3 are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Asynchronous Holocene optimum of the East Asian monsoon
Zhisheng An,Stephen C. Porter,Stephen C. Porter,John E. Kutzbach,Wu Xihao,Wang Suming,Liu Xiaodong,Li Xiaoqiang,Zhou Weijian +8 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the spatial and temporal distribution of summer monsoon precipitation during the Holocene has been reconstructed on the basis of geological data, including lake levels, pollen profiles, and loess/paleosol records.
Journal ArticleDOI
Monsoon variability over the past 150,000 years
Warren L. Prell,John E. Kutzbach +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used 13 general circulation model (NCAR) community climate model (CCM) simulations that incorporate a large range of solar radiation and surface (modern to full glacial) boundary conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Alleviation of a systematic westerly bias in general circulation and numerical weather prediction models through an orographic gravity wave drag parametrization
TL;DR: In this paper, the failure to parametrize subgrid-scale orographic gravity wave drag may account for the westerly biases in the northern hemisphere wintertime flow of the Meteorological Office 15-layer operational model and 11-layer general circulation model.