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Liquid level sensor

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TLDR
In this article, the level of a liquid is detected by an ultrasonic arrangement comprising a transmitter (10) and a receiver (12), where the transmitter has a vertical array of transmitter segments (16) which transmit sequentially, while the receiver is a single transducer.
Abstract
The level of a liquid (14) is detected by an ultrasonic arrangement comprising a transmitter (10) and a receiver (12). The transmitter (10) has a vertical array of transmitter segments (16) which transmit sequentially, while the receiver (12) is a single transducer. The difference in transmission time in liquid and gas allows a digital, depth representative output to be generated. The transmitter (10) is formed by securing a single sheet (20) of piezo polymer film over a printed circuit board (24) having a conductive pattern defining the segments (16). Other embodiments provide analogue outputs, and non-linear outputs representative of volume in irregular tanks.

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References
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Laminated piezoelectric structure and process of forming the same

TL;DR: In this paper, a method of forming a laminated piezoelectric structure is described, where a plurality of polarized PPE films of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene are solvent welded together.
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TL;DR: An ultrasonic sensing device for sensing the presence or absence of a liquid at various predetermined levels, especially in storage tanks, bilges and the like, employing multiple high frequency transducer assemblies having transmitting and receiving means enclosed in a sound conductive, e.g. metallic housing of special design minimizing "cross-talk" associated with means responsive to signals received above a selected minimum response level, is described in this paper.
PatentDOI

An apparatus for level measurements

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an approach for measuring the acoustic transmission characteristics of at least one medium to be measured, eg measurement of levels of the measured medium, the medium surrounding a hollow profile extends.