Journal ArticleDOI
Mechanism of concrete deterioration due to salt crystallization
N. Thaulow,Sadananda Sahu +1 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the authors reviewed and discussed three different mechanisms for surface scaling of concrete: salt hydration pressure, salt crystallization pressure, and salt crystallisation pressure and thenardite to mirabilite change.About:
This article is published in Materials Characterization.The article was published on 2004-11-01. It has received 140 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Mirabilite & Thenardite.read more
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The role of saline solution properties on porous limestone salt weathering by magnesium and sodium sulfates
TL;DR: In this article, the authors studied the weathering behavior of sodium and magnesium sulfate within a porous limestone using different techniques, including mercury intrusion porosimetry, environmental scanning microscopy and X-ray computed tomography.
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Investigation of concrete exposed to dual sulfate attack
TL;DR: In this article, the surface scaling of concrete partially immersed in sulfate solutions and exposed to cyclic temperature and relative humidity was explored, showing that the lower immersed portion can suffer from chemical sulfate attack, while the upper portion is vulnerable to physical attack.
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Resistance of plain and blended cement mortars exposed to severe sulfate attacks
Thidar Aye,Chiaki T. Oguchi +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of physical sulfate attack on pozzolanic additions, the resistance of plain and blended cement mortars was investigated using 10% Na 2 SO 4 and MgSO 4 solutions under four exposure regimes which included the standard conventional exposure and field-like exposures that created the physical sulphate attack.
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Durability of shotcrete for underground support– Review and update
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors shed light on the durability of shotcrete by revising the literature, highlighting what is missing and needs to be addressed, assessing how the knowledge about concrete durability can be transferred to shotcrete, and providing recommendations for durable shotcrete structures.
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Current knowledge of external sulfate attack
Mark Whittaker,Leon Black +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present an update of the current understanding of sulfate attack, with emphasis on the sulfates present in an external water source percolating through, and potentially reacting with, the cement matrix.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Salt weathering: influence of evaporation rate, supersaturation and crystallization pattern
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that salt damage due to crystallization pressure appears to be largely a function of solution supersaturation ratio and location of crystallization, which are constrained by solution composition, environmental conditions, substrate properties, and salt crystallization growth patterns.
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How does sodium sulfate crystallize? Implications for the decay and testing of building materials
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that both thenardite and mirabilite (Na2SO4·10H2O) precipitate directly from a saturated sodium sulfate solution at room temperature (20°C).
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Crystallization Pressure of Salts in Stone and Concrete
TL;DR: The Van9t Hoff-type equation for osmosis, as modified by Correns, is the basis for theoretical calculations of salt pressures as mentioned in this paper, and halite can exert up to 650 atm pressure when it is oversaturated by a factor of 2.