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Methods of charging battery packs for cordless power tool systems

TLDR
In this article, the battery pack is inserted in a charger and an initial set of checks of cell voltage and pack temperature is performed, and the cells may be charged at a first constant current level.
Abstract
In a method of charging a battery pack, the pack is inserted in a charger and an initial set of checks of cell voltage and pack temperature is performed. Once the initial set of checks is satisfied, the cells may be charged at a first constant current level. The first constant current level is adjusted to one or more lower levels of constant current until cell voltages of all the cells are within a full charge voltage window. The voltage window is defined between a minimum full charge cell voltage level and a maximum full charge cell voltage level. The charge may be terminated once all of the cells are within the full charge voltage window.

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References
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Patent

Battery monitor apparatus

TL;DR: In this paper, a battery monitor for monitoring the voltage of each cell of a battery pack including a plurality of cells is described, in which each cell having the plurality of the cells is connected to a capacitor by a switch, so that the cell voltage is retrieved and measured, and the current is detected.
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Battery charging apparauts

TL;DR: A battery charging apparatus for charging a battery which includes a plurality of battery cells connected to each other in series is described in this article, where the battery cells may be divided into battery-cell groups.
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Portable battery recharge station

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a system and method for recharging secondary batteries, which comprises a supervisory circuit, a voltage converter, a portable power source, and one or more of a holder and a socket.
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Battery charging apparatus

TL;DR: In this article, the battery is cooled by a battery cooling unit to prevent the charging efficiency from being lowered due to high battery temperature, and if the battery temperature rises above a predetermined temperature, a contactor is opened to temporarily stop the charging of the battery.
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Methods of charging, equalizing, and controlling Li-based batteries

Boris Tsenter
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method of equalizing Li-based battery by connecting in parallel to each cell, three series-connected Ni-based (i.e., NiCd or NiMH) cells, which serve as voltage stabilizers at end-of-charge.
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