Journal ArticleDOI
Micromodular implants to provide electrical stimulation of paralyzed muscles and limbs
T. Cameron,Gerald E. Loeb,Raymond A. Peck,Joseph H. Schulman,Primoz Strojnik,Philip R. Troyk +5 more
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Describes the design, fabrication, and output capabilities of a microminiature electrical stimulator that can be injected in or near nerves and muscles and used successfully for chronic stimulation in hindlimb muscles of cats.Abstract:
Describes the design, fabrication, and output capabilities of a microminiature electrical stimulator that can be injected in or near nerves and muscles. Each single channel microstimulator consists of a cylindrical glass capsule with hermetically sealed electrodes in either end (2-mm diameter/spl times/13-mm overall length). Power and digital control data can be transmitted to multiple implants (256 unique addresses) via a 2-MHz RF field created by an external AM oscillator and inductive coil. In vitro testing demonstrated accurate control of output pulsewidth (3-258 /spl mu/s in 1-/spl mu/s steps) and current (0-30 mA in two linear ranges of 16 steps each, up to 8.5 V available compliance voltage). Microstimulators were used successfully for chronic stimulation in hindlimb muscles of cats. Design and fabrication issues affecting yield and reliability of the packaging and electronics are discussed.read more
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Theory and design of capacitor electrodes for chronic stimulation.
TL;DR: completely insulated electrodes have been devised which deliver current pulses by capacitive charging of the electrode surface, not involving electrochemical reactions, and should provide a safer interface between neural prosthetic devices and human tissue.
Journal ArticleDOI
Constipation associated with chronic spinal cord injury: the effect of pelvic parasympathetic stimulation by the Brindley stimulator.
TL;DR: The effects produced are compatible with stimulation of left colonic motility, which facilitates the emptying of the distal colon, but also suggest that part of the response restricts transit in some areas of the colon or rectum.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of waveform on comfort during neuromuscular electrical stimulation.
TL;DR: In the larger quadriceps muscle group, a symmetric biphasic square wave was perceived as more comfortable than either a monophasic paired spike or any of three medium frequency waveforms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prevention of quadriceps wasting after immobilization: an evaluation of the effect of electrical stimulation.
TL;DR: Females reacted more favorably than males to electrical stimulation of quadriceps during an immobilization period after knee surgery, resulting in a higher degree of atrophy in the vastus medialis and lateralis.
Journal Article
Electromyographically triggered electric muscle stimulation for chronic hemiplegia.
TL;DR: Electromyographically triggered electric muscle stimulation was evaluated in combination with conventional treatment in 69 consecutive postcerebrovascular accident outpatients whose onset of hemiplegia was four months to 14 years earlier, consistent with this theory.