Journal ArticleDOI
Nitrogen Fertilizer Effects on Irrigated Conventional Tillage Corn Yields and Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Pools
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In this paper, the authors investigated how four rates of N input (0, 67, 101, and 224 kg N ha -1 ) under irrigated continuous corn (Zea mays L.) in the semiarid central Great Plains that requires a relatively high N fertilizer rate to optimize grain yield and economic returns.Abstract:
Conventional plow tillage (CT) is a common soil management practice under irrigated continuous corn (Zea mays L.) in the semiarid central Great Plains that requires a relatively high N fertilizer rate to optimize grain yield and economic returns. This study investigated how four rates of N input (0, 67, 101, and 224 kg N ha -1 ) under irrigated CT management affects aboveground corn production, stover characteristics, and crop biomass. We also examined soil quality parameters under these treatments, including total soil carbon (TSC) and soil particulate organic matter (POM), soil organic carbon (SOC) and total soil nitrogen (TSN) stocks in the 0- to 7.6-, 0- to 15.2-, and 0- to 30.4-cm soil depths of a clay loam soil. Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased corn grain, stalks, cob and stover yields as well as C and N content of the biomass. The C/N ratios of stalks and stover decreased with increasing N rate, but cob C/N ratios did not change. Increasing N rate increased TSN concentration in 0- to 7.6-and 7.6- to 15.2-cm depths and decreased C/N ratio in all soil layers between 1999 and 2008. We found no significant change in SOC and POM-C stocks under increasing N fertilizer addition after 10 yr of irrigated, CT continuous corn despite higher stover yields, and the stover C and N returned to the soil after harvest with increasing N rate. The lack of increased SOC storage with increasing residue C inputs suggests that decomposition processes controlled the SOC stocks.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Nitrogen Placement and Source Effects on Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Yields of Irrigated Corn
TL;DR: These studies show that N placement and N source selection are important manageable factors that can affect NO emissions and need to be considered when developing NO mitigation practices in irrigated cropping systems in the semiarid western United States.
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Cattle Manure Application Reduces Soil Compactibility and Increases Water Retention after 71 Years
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Implications of inorganic fertilization of irrigated corn on soil properties: lessons learned after 50 years.
TL;DR: Overall, long-term inorganic fertilization to irrigated corn can increase SOC pool, but it may reduce soil structural stability.
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Does inorganic nitrogen fertilization improve soil aggregation? Insights from two long-term tillage experiments.
Humberto Blanco-Canqui,Richard B. Ferguson,Charles A. Shapiro,Rhae A. Drijber,Daniel T. Walters +4 more
TL;DR: Long-term N fertilization improves near-surface soil aggregation in NT continuous corn but reduces aggregation in the subsoil, and results suggest that, if fertilizers are applied at rates of about 80 kg N ha, deterioration of soil aggregation would be minimal.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Soil structure and organic matter: I. Distribution of aggregate-size classes and aggregate-associated carbon.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effect of cultivation intensity on aggregate distribution and aggregate C in three soils dominated by 2:1 clay mineralogy and one soil characterized by a mixed (2:1 and 1:1) mineralogy.
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Agricultural soils as a sink to mitigate CO2 emissions
Keith Paustian,Olof Andrén,H. Henry Janzen,Rattan Lal,Pete Smith,G Tian,H Tiessen,M van Noordwijk,P. L. Woomer +8 more
TL;DR: The most appropriate management practices to increase soil carbon sink capacity vary regionally, dependent on both environmental and socioeconomic factors as discussed by the authors. But, effective mitigation policies will not be based on any single ‘magic bullet’ solutions, but rather on many modest reductions which are economically efficient and which confer additional benefits to society.
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Crop and Soil Productivity Response to Corn Residue Removal: A Literature Review
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarize published works for potential impacts of wide-scale, corn stover collection on corn production capacity in Corn Belt soils and conclude that within limits, corn Stover can be harvested for ethanol production to provide a renewable, domestic source of energy that reduces greenhouse gases.
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Inorganic Carbon Analysis by Modified Pressure-Calcimeter Method
TL;DR: In this article, a modified pressure-calcimeter method was proposed for soil organic C (SOC) analysis by using Wheaton serum bottles (20-mL and 100-mL) sealed with butyl rubber stoppers and aluminum tear-off seals as the reaction vessel and monitored by a digital voltmeter.