The use of a reference control panel in genome-wide association studies is an interesting solution to the problem of how to reduce costs In such designs, data on relevant environmental factors are usually collected only in cases, making it more difficult to deal with potential gene-environment interactions when testing for genetic association However, under certain circumstances, neglecting an existing interaction with the environment may be detrimental in terms of statistical power to detect the genetic factor In this paper, the authors propose a novel method based on a multinomial logistic regression model to overcome the lack of environmental exposure information in controls, by contrasting both exposed and unexposed cases with the control sample For each case group, a genetic effect-size parameter is estimated, and the genetic association and the gene-environment interaction are tested jointly The authors evaluate the performance of this method through asymptotic computations and simulations of cases and population controls under different models In the presence of a gene-environment interaction, this approach outperforms other available methods that test for genetic association and gene-environment interaction either separately or jointly Interestingly, it even has better power than the joint test requiring full knowledge of the environmental information in both cases and controls

/pdf/genetic-association-and-gene-environment-interaction-a-new-1bmkal8xyp.pdf

Nominal and Ordinal Logistic Regression

Genetic Association and Gene-Environment Interaction: A New Method for Overcoming the Lack of Exposure Information in Controls

This study aimed to analyze the risk of musculoskeletal disorders in monofunctional and multifunctional workers in a footwear company. The sample comprised 114 workers in the shoe production sector. The method Occupational Repetitive Actions was used to assess the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). Proportional odds models were constructed, relating the risk of WMSDs to the type of work and the worker’s level of multifunctionality. For monofunctional workers, exposure to the higher risk was related to cycle time and the technical actions within their activities, whereas for multifunctional workers, it was related to the range of motion, use of gloves and precision needed in activities. For monofunctional workers, greater risks were associated with a short activity cycle, whereas for multifunctional workers, they were associated with complementary and organizational factors. Moreover, workers whose intracellular activities were less than 30% of the total appeared to be less exposed to the risk of WMSDs.

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/pdf/risk-of-wmsds-in-monofunctional-and-multifunctional-workers-9wlt0oq4r0.pdf

Risk of WMSDs in monofunctional and multifunctional workers in a Brazilian footwear company

Abstract As environmental changes exacerbate the threat coming from infectious diseases in wild mammal species, monitoring their health and gaining a better understanding of the immune functioning at the species level have become critically important. Neopterin is a biomarker of cell-mediated immune responses to intracellular infections. We investigated the variation of urinary neopterin (uNeo) levels of wild, habituated bonobos ( Pan paniscus ) in relation to individual and environmental factors. We used 309 urine samples collected between 2010 and 2018 at the LuiKotale field site, DRC. Based on current knowledge on zoo-housed conspecifics and closely related species, we predicted uNeo levels to increase (1) during infections, (2) with increasing age, (3) over the gestation period and in estrous females; and (4) to vary seasonally. Our results showed uNeo levels varied over a one-year period and increased in individuals showing respiratory symptoms. Contrary to chimpanzees, uNeo levels did not vary with age or female reproductive status, possibly due to our small sample size. Our study provides a baseline for a better understanding of bonobo’s immunocompetence in the context of socio-ecological pressures and for monitoring the health of wild populations. 

/pdf/neopterin-levels-in-bonobos-vary-seasonally-and-reflect-gpilu4rk.pdf

Nominal and Ordinal Logistic Regression

Citations

Genetic Association and Gene-Environment Interaction: A New Method for Overcoming the Lack of Exposure Information in Controls

Risk of WMSDs in monofunctional and multifunctional workers in a Brazilian footwear company

Neopterin Levels in Bonobos Vary Seasonally and Reflect Symptomatic Respiratory Infections

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