Journal ArticleDOI
Ordering Policies of Deteriorating Items under Permissible Delay in Payments
S. P. Aggarwal,Chandra K. Jaggi +1 more
TLDR
In this paper, an attempt has been made to obtain the optimum order quantity of deteriorating items under a permissible delay in payments, where it is found that the supplier allows a certain fixed period to settle the account, but beyond this period interest is charged under the terms and conditions agreed upon and moreover, interest can be earned on the revenue received during the credit period.Abstract:
In developing mathematical models in inventory control it is assumed that payment will be made to the supplier for the goods immediately after receiving the consignment. However, in practice, it is found that the supplier allows a certain fixed period to settle the account. During this fixed period no interest is charged by the supplier, but beyond this period interest is charged under the terms and conditions agreed upon and, moreover, interest can be earned on the revenue received during the credit period. In this paper an attempt has been made to obtain the optimum order quantity of deteriorating items under a permissible delay in payments. A numerical example is also given. Over the last two decades a lot of work has been published for controlling the inventory of deteriorating items. The analysis of decaying inventory problems began with Ghare and Schrader1, who developed a simple economic order quantity model with a constant rate of decay. Covert and Philip2 extended Ghare and Schrader's model and obtained an economic order quantity model for a variable rate of deterioration by assuming a two-parameter Weibull distribution. Misra3 developed the first production lot size model in which both a constant and variable rate of deterioration were considered and obtained approximate expressions for the production lot size with no backlogging. Furthermore, while developing a mathematical model in inventory control, it is assumed that the payment will be made to the suppliers for the goods immediately after receiving the consignment. However, in day-to-day dealing, it is found that a supplier allows a certain fixed period to settle the account. During this fixed period no interest is charged by the supplier, but beyond this period interest is charged by the supplier under the terms and conditions agreed upon, since inventories are usually financed through debt or equity. In case of debt financing, it is often a short-term financing. Thus, interest paid here is nothing but the cost of capital or opportunity cost. Also, short-term loans can be thought of as having been taken from the suppliers on the expiry of the credit period. However, before the account has to be settled, the customer can sell the goods and continues to accumulate revenue and earn interest instead of paying the overdraft that is necessary if the supplier requires settlement of the account after replenishment. Interest earned can be thought of as a return on investment since the money generated through revenue can be ploughed back into the business. Therefore, it makes economic sense for the customer to delay the settlement of the replenishment account up to the last day of the credit period allowed by the supplier. If the credit period is less than the cycle length, the customer continues to accumulate revenue and earn interest on it for the rest of the period in the cycle, from the stock remaining beyond the credit period. This point was not considered by Goyal4. The primary benefit of taking trade credit is that one can have savings in purchase cost and opportunity cost, which become quite relevant for deteriorating items. In such cases one has to procure more units than required in the given cycle to account for the deteriorating effect. In particular, when the unit purchase cost is high and decay is continuous, the saving due to delayed payment appears to be more significant than when the decay is continuous butread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Recent trends in modeling of deteriorating inventory
TL;DR: The motivations, extensions and generalizations of various models in each sub-class have been discussed in brief to bring out pertinent information regarding model developments in the last decade.
Journal ArticleDOI
An ordering policy for deteriorating items with allowable shortage and permissible delay in payment
TL;DR: In this article, a model to determine an optimal ordering policy for deteriorating items under a permissible delay of payment and allowable shortage was developed, and different facets of the permissible delays in payment were discussed, and this generalized model exhibits a set of solutions that reduces to an existing model.
Journal ArticleDOI
Financing the Newsvendor: Supplier vs. Bank, and the Structure of Optimal Trade Credit Contracts
Panos Kouvelis,Wenhui Zhao +1 more
TL;DR: A supply chain with a retailer and a supplier is considered, where a newsvendor-like retailer has a single opportunity to order a product from a supplier to satisfy future uncertain demand and both the retailer and supplier are capital constrained and in need of short-term financing.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the economic order quantity under conditions of permissible delay in payments
TL;DR: In this note, Goyal's model is amended by considering the difference between unit price and unit cost and an easy analytical closed-form solution is established, which reveals the following two managerial phenomena.
Journal ArticleDOI
Optimal retailer's ordering policies in the EOQ model under trade credit financing
TL;DR: It is assumed that the retailer also adopts the trade credit policy to stimulate his/her customer demand to develop the retailer's replenishment model and a theorem is developed to determine efficiently the optimal ordering policies for the retailer.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Economic Order Quantity under Conditions of Permissible Delay in Payments
TL;DR: In this article, a mathematical model for obtaining the economic order quantity for an item for which the supplier permits a fixed delay in settling the amount owed to him is presented, and an example has been solved to illustrate the method.
Journal ArticleDOI
An EOQ Model for Items with Weibull Distribution Deterioration
TL;DR: In this paper, an inventory model is considered for deteriorating items with a variable rate of deterioration, where deterioration means decay, damage or spoilage such that the item cannot be used for its original purpose.
Journal ArticleDOI
Optimum production lot size model for a system with deteriorating inventory
TL;DR: In this paper, a production lot size model for an inventory system with deteriorating items was developed for both the varying and constant rate of deterioration, and a numerical example was solved to show the impact of deterioration.