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Over-time changes in adjustment and competence among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful families

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TLDR
Differences in adjustment associated with variations in parenting are either maintained or increase over time, whereas the benefits of authoritative parenting are largely in the maintenance of previous levels of high adjustment, the deleterious consequences of neglectful parenting continue to accumulate.
Abstract
In a previous report, we demonstrated that adolescents' adjustment varies as a function of their parents' style (e.g., authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, neglectful). This 1-year follow-up was conducted in order to examine whether the observed differences are maintained over time. In 1987, an ethnically and socioeconomically heterogeneous sample of approximately 2,300 14-18-year-olds provided information used to classify the adolescents' families into 1 of 4 parenting style groups. That year, and again 1 year later, the students completed a battery of standardized instruments tapping psychosocial development, school achievement, internalized distress, and behavior problems. Differences in adjustment associated with variations in parenting are either maintained or increase over time. However, whereas the benefits of authoritative parenting are largely in the maintenance of previous levels of high adjustment, the deleterious consequences of neglectful parenting continue to accumulate.

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Risky Families: Family Social Environments and the Mental and Physical Health of Offspring

TL;DR: It is concluded that childhood family environments represent vital links for understanding mental and physical health across the life span.
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We Know Some Things: Parent-Adolescent Relationships in Retrospect and Prospect.

TL;DR: In this article, the most important ideas to have emerged from the last 25 years of research on adolescent development in the family context and suggests some directions for the future are examined, and two major sets of questions organize the review.
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What parents know, how they know it, and several forms of adolescent adjustment: further support for a reinterpretation of monitoring.

TL;DR: Across sex and informant, high parental knowledge was linked to multiple measures of good adjustment, but children's spontaneous disclosure of information explained more of these relations than parents' tracking and surveillance efforts did.
Journal ArticleDOI

Contemporary research on parenting: The case for nature and nurture.

TL;DR: Current findings on parental influences provide more sophisticated and less deterministic explanations than did earlier theory and research on parenting and indicate that parental influences on child development are neither as unambiguous as earlier researchers suggested nor as insubstantial as current critics claim.
Journal ArticleDOI

The Relationship Between Parenting and Delinquency: A Meta-analysis

TL;DR: The strongest links were found for parental monitoring, psychological control, and negative aspects of support such as rejection and hostility, accounting for up to 11% of the variance in delinquency.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population

TL;DR: The CES-D scale as discussed by the authors is a short self-report scale designed to measure depressive symptomatology in the general population, which has been used in household interview surveys and in psychiatric settings.
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Parenting Style as Context: An Integrative Model

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a model that integrates two traditions in socialization research, the study of specific parenting practices and the study on global parent characteristics, and propose that parenting style is best conceptualized as a context that moderates the influence of specific parent practices on the child.
Journal ArticleDOI

The Perceived Competence Scale for Children.

Susan Harter
- 01 Feb 1982 - 
TL;DR: The Perceived Competence Scale for Children as mentioned in this paper is a self-report instrument for assessing a child's sense of competence across different domains, instead of viewing perceived competence as a unitary construct.
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