Journal ArticleDOI
Peak Oxygen Uptake and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in 4631 Healthy Women and Men
Stian Thoresen Aspenes,Tom Ivar Lund Nilsen,Eli-Anne Skaug,Gro F. Bertheussen,Øyvind Ellingsen,Lars J. Vatten,Ulrik Wisløff +6 more
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TLDR
These data represent the largest reference material of objectively measured VO2peak in healthy men and women age 20-90 yr and showed that even in people considered to be fit,VO2peak was clearly associated with levels of conventional cardiovascular risk factors.Abstract:
Introduction: Many studies suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness, measured as peak oxygen uptake (V?O2peak), may be the single best predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and premature cardiovascular mortality. However, current reference values are either estimates of oxygen uptake or come from small studies, mainly of men. Therefore, the aims of this study were to directly measure V?O2peak in healthy adult men and women and to assess the association with cardiovascular risk factor levels.
Methods: A cross-sectional study of 4631 volunteering, free-living Norwegian men (n = 2368) and women (n = 2263) age 20-90 yr. The data collection was from June 2007 to June 2008. Participants were free from known pulmonary or cardiovascular disease. V?O2peak was measured by ergospirometry during treadmill running. Associations (odds ratios, OR) with unfavorable levels of cardiovascular risk factors and a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors were assessed by logistic regression analysis.
Results: Overall, mean V?O2peak was 40.0 ± 9.5 mL·kg-1·min-1. Women below the median V?O2peak (<35.1 mL·kg-1·min-1) were five times (OR = 5.4, 95% confidence interval = 2.3-12.9) and men below the median (<44.2 mL·kg-1·min-1) were eight times (OR = 7.9, 95% confidence interval = 3.5-18.0) more likely to have a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors compared to those in the highest quartile of V?O2peak (=40.8 and =50.5 mL·kg-1·min-1 in women and men, respectively). Each 5-mL·kg-1·min-1 lower V?O2peak corresponded to ~56% higher odds of cardiovascular risk factor clustering.
Conclusions: These data represent the largest reference material of objectively measured V?O2peak in healthy men and women age 20-90 yr. Even in people considered to be fit, V?O2peak was clearly associated with levels of conventional cardiovascular risk factors.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Importance of Assessing Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Clinical Practice: A Case for Fitness as a Clinical Vital Sign: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.
Robert Ross,Steven N. Blair,Ross Arena,Timothy S. Church,Jean-Pierre Després,Barry A. Franklin,William L. Haskell,Leonard A. Kaminsky,Benjamin D. Levine,Carl J. Lavie,Jonathan Myers,Josef Niebauer,Robert E. Sallis,Susumu S. Sawada,Xuemei Sui,Ulrik Wisløff +15 more
TL;DR: The addition of CRF for risk classification presents health professionals with unique opportunities to improve patient management and to encourage lifestyle-based strategies designed to reduce cardiovascular risk to meet the American Heart Association’s 2020 goals.
Journal ArticleDOI
End criteria for reaching maximal oxygen uptake must be strict and adjusted to sex and age: a cross-sectional study.
TL;DR: Different end criteria for reaching maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) during a continuous graded exercise test on the treadmill are described and the manner by which different end criteria have an impact on the magnitude of the VO2max result is explored.
Journal ArticleDOI
Age-predicted maximal heart rate in healthy subjects: The HUNT fitness study.
TL;DR: HRmax in healthy, older subjects and women were higher than previously reported, and predicted by age alone may be practically convenient for various groups, although a standard error of 10.8 beats/min must be taken into account.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reference Values for Cardiorespiratory Response and Fitness on the Treadmill in a 20- to 85-Year-Old Population
Elisabeth Edvardsen,Elisabeth Edvardsen,Bjørge H. Hansen,Ingar Holme,Sindre Mikael Dyrstad,Sigmund A. Anderssen +5 more
TL;DR: This study establishes reference values for V.O2max (absolute, relative to body weight and fat-free weight), maximal HR, oxygen pulse, BP, ventilation, breathing reserve, respiratory exchange ratio, and blood lactate concentration during maximal exercise on treadmill in a large population of men and women.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aerobic Capacity Reference Data in 3816 Healthy Men and Women 20–90 Years
TL;DR: This is the largest European reference material of objectively measured parameters of aerobic fitness and exercise-physiology in healthy men and women aged 20–90 years, forming the basis for an easily accessible, valid and understandable tool for improved training prescription in healthyMen and women.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Physical Fitness and All-Cause Mortality: A Prospective Study of Healthy Men and Women
Steven N. Blair,Harold W. Kohl,Ralph S. Paffenbarger,Debra G. Clark,Kenneth H. Cooper,Larry W. Gibbons +5 more
TL;DR: Higher levels of physical fitness appear to delay all-cause mortality primarily due to lowered rates of cardiovascular disease and cancer, and lower mortality rates in higher fitness categories also were seen for cardiovascular Disease and cancer of combined sites.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exercise capacity and mortality among men referred for exercise testing.
Jonathan Myers,Manish Prakash,Victor F. Froelicher,Dat Do,Sara L. Partington,J. Edwin Atwood +5 more
TL;DR: Exercise capacity is known to be an important prognostic factor in patients with cardiovascular disease, but it is uncertain whether it predicts mortality equally well among healthy persons and there is also uncertainty regarding the predictive power of exercise capacity relative to other clinical and exercise-test variables.
Journal ArticleDOI
Changes in Physical Fitness and All-Cause Mortality: A Prospective Study of Healthy and Unhealthy Men
Steven N. Blair,Harold W. Kohl,Carolyn E. Barlow,Ralph S. Paffenbarger,Larry W. Gibbons,Caroline A. Macera +5 more
TL;DR: Men who maintained or improved adequate physical fitness were less likely to die from all causes and from cardiovascular disease during follow-up than persistently unfit men.