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Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage
TLDR
This paper presents an argument about the nature of the model and its implications for language studies and Sociological implications and discusses the role of politeness strategies in language.Abstract:
This study is about the principles for constructing polite speeches. The core of it first appeared in Questions and Politeness, edited by Esther N. Goody (now out of print). It is here reissued with a fresh introduction that surveys the considerable literature in linguistics, psychology and the social sciences that the original extended essay stimulated, and suggests distinct directions for research. The authors describe and account for some remarkable parallelisms in the linguistic construction of utterances with which people express themselves in different languages and cultures. A motive for these parallels is isolated and a universal model is constructed outlining the abstract principles underlying polite usages. This is based on the detailed study of three unrelated languages and cultures: the Tamil of South India, the Tzeltal spoken by Mayan Indians in Chiapas, Mexico, and the English of the USA and England. This volume will be of special interest to students in linguistic pragmatics, sociolinguistics, applied linguistics, anthropology, and the sociology and social psychology of interaction.read more
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Construal-Level Theory of Psychological Distance
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Principles of Critical Discourse Analysis
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Tit for Tat? The Spiraling Effect of Incivility in the Workplace
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The Language of Evaluation: Appraisal in English
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Power, approach, and inhibition.
TL;DR: Predictors from recent theorizing about approach and inhibition are derived and the potential moderators and consequences of these power-related behavioral patterns are discussed.