Polymers have had a growing use in pipes for both water transport as well as in the oil and gas distribution [1,2]. Pipes made of polymeric materials have several advantages in relation to conventional pipes made of metallic materials-mainly, steel or cast iron-among which one can highlight lower density and higher corrosion resistance [3]. Polymers can, however, present other types of damage, such as the loss of mechanical properties due to exposure to UV radiation [4] and the changes in properties due to effects caused by absorption of fluids [5,6]. Absorption of fluid by a polymeric material may cause both chemical and physical aging [6]. In the first case irreversible chemical reactions occur which permanently alter polymer properties. In physical aging only, diffusion of the fluid into the polymer occurs, occupying its free volume [6,7]. Although at physical aging changing of properties can be reversible, the absorbed fluid can reduce the forces of secondary links between the polymer chains, causing reduction of stiffness, in a phenomenon referred to as plasticization [8].

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https://crimsonpublishers.com/eme/pdf/EME.000511.pdf

Polyamide 11,12 and 6.12 for High-Pressure Gas Pipelines

Compression Behavior of Pa-12 Pipes UnderLarge Displacements

Nylon plastics handbook

Properties, and Applications

This chapter examines the physical and mechanical properties of biodegradable polymers derived from renewable sources and petrochemical sources with a focus on their applications Polymers from renewable sources include poly(lactic acid), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and thermoplastic starch (TPS) Polymers from petrochemical sources include aliphatic polyesters and copolyesters, aromatic polyesters and copolyesters, poly(caprolactone), poly(esteramide), and poly(vinyl alcohol) The physical properties, based on which biodegradable polymers are categorized, are their melt flow rate, density, and transparency Mechanical properties include their tensile strength at yield, elongation at yield, and tensile modulus There are many applications of compostable polymer materials in the commercialized or development/demonstration stage They are used in the packaging industry, in agriculture and horticulture, in short life consumer goods, and long life consumer goods The major markets of compostable polymer materials are agriculture, fisheries, civil engineering, constructions, food packaging, and many more The increased interest in compostable polymers is a response to the growing price of petroleum and growing consumer demand for sustainable products Improvement in processing technologies and the effect of scale-up has decreased the price of compostable polymers

Polyamide 11,12 and 6.12 for High-Pressure Gas Pipelines

Citations

Compression Behavior of Pa-12 Pipes UnderLarge Displacements

References

Nylon plastics handbook

Properties, and Applications

Properties and applications

engineering-thermoplastics-properties-and-applications

Long-term tests on electro fused joints in PE pipes

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