Book ChapterDOI
Properties and applications
Ewa Rudnik
- pp 38-69
TLDR
In this article, the physical and mechanical properties of biodegradable polymers derived from renewable sources and petrochemical sources with a focus on their applications are examined, including their properties of melting flow rate, density, and transparency.Abstract:
This chapter examines the physical and mechanical properties of biodegradable polymers derived from renewable sources and petrochemical sources with a focus on their applications Polymers from renewable sources include poly(lactic acid), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), and thermoplastic starch (TPS) Polymers from petrochemical sources include aliphatic polyesters and copolyesters, aromatic polyesters and copolyesters, poly(caprolactone), poly(esteramide), and poly(vinyl alcohol) The physical properties, based on which biodegradable polymers are categorized, are their melt flow rate, density, and transparency Mechanical properties include their tensile strength at yield, elongation at yield, and tensile modulus There are many applications of compostable polymer materials in the commercialized or development/demonstration stage They are used in the packaging industry, in agriculture and horticulture, in short life consumer goods, and long life consumer goods The major markets of compostable polymer materials are agriculture, fisheries, civil engineering, constructions, food packaging, and many more The increased interest in compostable polymers is a response to the growing price of petroleum and growing consumer demand for sustainable products Improvement in processing technologies and the effect of scale-up has decreased the price of compostable polymersread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Processable aqueous dispersions of graphene nanosheets
TL;DR: It is reported that chemically converted graphene sheets obtained from graphite can readily form stable aqueous colloids through electrostatic stabilization, making it possible to process graphene materials using low-cost solution processing techniques, opening up enormous opportunities to use this unique carbon nanostructure for many technological applications.
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The properties and applications of nanodiamonds
TL;DR: The rational control of the mechanical, chemical, electronic and optical properties of nanodiamonds through surface doping, interior doping and the introduction of functional groups are discussed.
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Polymers for 3D Printing and Customized Additive Manufacturing
TL;DR: Polymers are by far the most utilized class of materials for AM and their design, additives, and processing parameters as they relate to enhancing build speed and improving accuracy, functionality, surface finish, stability, mechanical properties, and porosity are addressed.
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The larger acenes: versatile organic semiconductors.
TL;DR: New approaches to add functionality were developed to improve the processability of these materials in solution, allowing the synthesis of acenes larger than pentacene, which have hitherto been largely unavailable and poorly studied.
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A flexible and highly sensitive strain-gauge sensor using reversible interlocking of nanofibres
Changhyun Pang,Gil-Yong Lee,Tae Il Kim,Sang Moon Kim,Hong Nam Kim,Sung-Hoon Ahn,Kahp-Yang Suh +6 more
TL;DR: A simple architecture for a flexible and highly sensitive strain sensor that enables the detection of pressure, shear and torsion and can be used to monitor signals ranging from human heartbeats to the impact of a bouncing water droplet on a superhydrophobic surface is presented.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Chitin and chitosan: Properties and applications
TL;DR: Chitin is the second most important natural polymer in the world as mentioned in this paper, and the main sources of chitin are two marine crustaceans, shrimp and crabs, which are used for food, cosmetics, biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cellulose: Fascinating Biopolymer and Sustainable Raw Material
TL;DR: The current knowledge in the structure and chemistry of cellulose, and in the development of innovative cellulose esters and ethers for coatings, films, membranes, building materials, drilling techniques, pharmaceuticals, and foodstuffs are assembled.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review of chitin and chitosan applications
TL;DR: Chitin is the most abundant natural amino polysaccharide and is estimated to be produced annually almost as much as cellulose, and recent progress in chitin chemistry is quite noteworthy as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Polylactic Acid Technology
TL;DR: Polylactic acid is proving to be a viable alternative to petrochemical-based plastics for many applications It is produced from renewable resources and is biodegradable, decomposing to give H2O, CO2, and humus, the black material in soil as mentioned in this paper.
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Chitosan: a versatile biopolymer for orthopaedic tissue-engineering.
TL;DR: The ability to manipulate and reconstitute tissue structure and function using chitosan has tremendous clinical implications and is likely to play a key role in cell and gene therapies in coming years.