Precursors, aftershocks, criticality and self-organized criticality
TLDR
In this article, a simple model of earthquakes on a pre-existing hierarchical fault structure is presented, where the system self-organizes at large times in a stationary state with a power law Gutenberg-Richter distribution of earthquake sizes.Abstract:
We present a simple model of earthquakes on a pre-existing hierarchical fault structure. The system self-organizes at large times in a stationary state with a power law Gutenberg-Richter distribution of earthquake sizes. The largest fault carries irregular great earthquakes preceded by precursors developing over long time scales and followed by aftershocks obeying an Omori's law. The cumulative energy released by precursors follows a time-to-failure power law with log-periodic structures, qualifying a large event as an effective dynamical (depinning) critical point. Down the hierarchy, smaller earthquakes exhibit the same phenomenology, albeit with increasing irregularities.read more
Citations
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Self-organized criticality
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduced the concept of self-organized criticality to explain the behavior of the sandpile model, where particles are randomly dropped onto a square grid of boxes and when a box accumulates four particles they are redistributed to the four adjacent boxes or lost off the edge of the grid.
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Discrete scale invariance and complex dimensions
Didier Sornette,Didier Sornette +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the concept of discrete-scale invariance and how it leads to complex critical exponents (or dimensions), i.e., to the log-periodic corrections to scaling.
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An observational test of the critical earthquake concept
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors test the concept that seismicity prior to a large earthquake can be understood in terms of the statistical physics of a critical phase transition and find the critical region before all earthquakes along the San Andreas system since 1950 with M ≥ 6.5.
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Physical approach to complex systems
TL;DR: This review advocate some of the computational methods which in this opinion are especially fruitful in extracting information on selected–but at the same time most representative–complex systems like human brain, financial markets and natural language, from the time series representing the observables associated with these systems.
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Evolving towards a critical point : A review of accelerating seismic moment/energy release prior to large and great earthquakes
S. C. Jaume,Lynn R. Sykes +1 more
TL;DR: In the critical point model for regional seismicity, a region of the earth's crust is truly in or near a "self-organized critical" (SOC) state, such that small earthquakes are capable of cascading into much larger events.
References
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Book
The Mechanics of Earthquakes and Faulting
TL;DR: The connection between faults and the seismicity generated is governed by the rate and state dependent friction laws -producing distinctive seismic styles of faulting and a gamut of earthquake phenomena including aftershocks, afterslip, earthquake triggering, and slow slip events.
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