Rural Poverty and Development Strategies in Latin America
TLDR
In this paper, the authors examined the marginality, social exclusion, new rurality and rural livelihoods, as well as the ethnic and gender dimensions of poverty, and argued that the starting point for the eradication of poverty has to be the implementation of a development strategy that addresses such inequalities while at the same time achieving competitiveness within the global system.Abstract:
Several approaches to the study of poverty are discussed, to learn from their strengths as well as their weaknesses. For this purpose the concepts of marginality, social exclusion, new rurality and rural livelihoods, as well as the ethnic and gender dimensions of poverty, are examined. The debate on the peasantization (capitalization) or proletarianization (pauperization) of the peasantry sets the scene for the analysis of the different strategies adopted by peasants and rural labourers to secure their survival and perhaps achieve some prosperity. In examining the success or failure of interventions by governments, civil society and international organizations in the reduction of poverty, it is claimed that the State has a key role to perform. Furthermore, it is argued that poverty is caused and reproduced by the unequal distribution of resources and power at the household, local, national and international levels. Therefore, the starting point for the eradication of poverty has to be the implementation of a development strategy that addresses such inequalities while at the same time achieving competitiveness within the global system.read more
Citations
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Peasants Make Their Own History, But Not Just as They Please . . .
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors employ contemporary peasant mobilizing discourses and practices to evaluate the terms in which we understand agrarian movements today, through an exercise of historical specification, and they consider why the terms of the original Agrarian question no longer apply to agrarians change today, and why the shift in the terms corresponds to the movement from the late-nineteenth century and twentieth century, when states were the organizing principle of political economy, to the twenty-first century, where capital has become the organising principle.
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Agrarian change and peasant studies: changes, continuities and challenges – an introduction
TL;DR: In this paper, a collection of essays on key perspectives, frameworks and methodologies for agrarian transformation and development is presented, with a focus on the nature, scope, pace and direction of agrarians' transformations and development.
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Reflections on Latin American Rural Studies in the Neoliberal Globalization Period: A New Rurality?
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the emergence over the last decade of a new approach to rural development studies in Latin America known as the "new rurality" and explore the various interpretations and ambiguities of this approach as well as the ensuing debates are discussed.
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La Vía Campesina and its Global Campaign for Agrarian Reform
TL;DR: The Global Campaign for Agrarian Reform (GCAR) as discussed by the authors has made a significant impact (inter)nationally in reshaping the terms of the land reform debates, but its impact on other land policy dynamics has been marginal.
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The political ecology of Jatropha plantations for biodiesel in Tamil Nadu, India
TL;DR: The authors deconstruct the shaky premises of the dominant discourse of Jatropha as a pro-poor and pro-wasteland development crop, a discourse that paints a win-win picture between poverty alleviation, natural resource regeneration, and energy security goals.
References
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The Forms of Capital
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Robert Chambers,Gordon Conway +1 more
TL;DR: The concept of sustainable rural livelihoods as discussed by the authors is based on capability, equity, and sustainability, each of which is both end and means, and is defined as: "a livelihood comprises people, their capabilities and their means of living, including food, income and assets".
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Rural Livelihoods and Diversity in Developing Countries
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a framework for livelihoods analysis in rural Tanzania based on a case-study in Rural Tanzania, focusing on the gender and rural living conditions.
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Capitals and Capabilities: A Framework for Analyzing Peasant Viability, Rural Livelihoods and Poverty
TL;DR: In this article, the authors develop an analytical framework for analyzing rural livelihoods in terms of their sustainability and their implications for rural poverty, arguing that the analysis of rural livelihood needs to understand people's access to five types of capital asset and the ways in which they combine and transform those assets in the building of livelihoods that as far as possible meet their material and their experiential needs.