Journal ArticleDOI
Studies of the mortality of A-bomb survivors. 7. Mortality, 1950-1978: Part I. Cancer mortality.
Hiroo Kato,William J. Schull +1 more
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In this article, the authors extend an earlier study by 4 years, 1975-1978, and find leukemia as a cause of death among survivors has continued to decrease and now differs from the control group only in Hiroshima.Abstract:
The present study extends an earlier one by 4 years, 1975-1978. We find leukemia as a cause of death among survivors has continued to decrease and now differs from the control group only in Hiroshima. For cancer other than leukemia the increase in absolute risk has become more marked as the cohort has aged and especially so in Nagasaki where it is now statistically significant for the first time. In addition to previously demonstrated sites, i.e., lung, breast, stomach, esophagus, and urinary tract, colon cancers and multiple myeloma can now be shown to be related to exposure. No significant relationship to radiation can as yet be established for malignant lymphoma, rectum, pancreas, and uterine cancer. The time from exposure to death is shortened for leukemia depending on dose but not for other cancers, and radiation-induced cancers other than leukemia seem to develop proportionally to the natural cancer rate for the attained age. For specific age-at-death intervals, both relative and absolute risks tend...read more
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ICRP statement on tissue reactions and early and late effects of radiation in normal tissues and organs -- threshold doses for tissue reactions in a radiation protection context
C. H. Clement,F. A. Stewart +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a statement on the early and late effects of ionising radiation in normal tumor and kidney responses to irradiation, as well as some modifications of normal tumor response.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cancer Incidence in Atomic Bomb Survivors. Part III: Leukemia, Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma, 1950-1987
Dale L. Preston,Shizuyo Kusumi,Masao Tomonaga,Shizue Izumi,Elaine Ron,Atsushi Kuramoto,Nanao Kamada,Hiroo Dohy,Tatsuki Matsui,Hiroaki Nonaka,Desmond E. Thompson,Midori Soda,Kiyohiko Mabuchi +12 more
TL;DR: This paper presents an analysis of data on the incidence of leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma in the Life Span Study cohort of atomic bomb survivors during the period from late 1950 through the end of 1987 (93,696 survivors accounting for 2,778,000 person-years).
Journal ArticleDOI
Radiation-related cancer risks at low doses among atomic bomb survivors.
Donald A. Pierce,Dale L. Preston +1 more
TL;DR: Analysis is of solid cancer incidence from 1958–1994, involving 7,000 cancer cases among 50,000 survivors in that dose and distance range, and it is indicated that modification of the neutron dose estimates currently under consideration would not markedly change the conclusions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Epidemiology of Lung Cancer: ACCP Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (2nd Edition)
TL;DR: The reductions in smoking prevalence in men that occurred in the late 1960s through the 1980s will continue to drive lung cancer mortality rates downward in men during the first portion of this century, but rates in women have not yet begun to decrease.
References
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Book ChapterDOI
Regression Models and Life-Tables
TL;DR: The analysis of censored failure times is considered in this paper, where the hazard function is taken to be a function of the explanatory variables and unknown regression coefficients multiplied by an arbitrary and unknown function of time.
Journal ArticleDOI
Statistical Aspects of the Analysis of Data From Retrospective Studies of Disease
Nathan Mantel,William Haenszel +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the role and limitations of retrospective investigations of factors possibly associated with the occurrence of a disease are discussed and their relationship to forward-type studies emphasized, and examples of situations in which misleading associations could arise through the use of inappropriate control groups are presented.
Journal Article
Evaluation of survival data and two new rank order statistics arising in its consideration.
Journal ArticleDOI
Some Methods for Strengthening the Common χ 2 Tests
TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss two kinds of failure to make the best use of x2 tests which I have observed from time to time in reading reports of biological research, and propose a number of methods for strengthening or supplementing the most common uses of the ordinary x2 test.
Journal ArticleDOI
Asymptotically Efficient Rank Invariant Test Procedures
Richard Peto,Julian Peto +1 more
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