Showing papers in "Chest in 2007"

TL;DR: Substantial new evidence that pulmonary rehabilitation is beneficial for patients with COPD and other chronic lung diseases and several areas of research provide opportunities for future research that can advance the field and make rehabilitative treatment available to many more eligible patients in need.

TL;DR: New longitudinal epidemiologic and genetic studies are required to evaluate the role of smoking itself and possible gene/environment interplay in initiation and development of smoking-induced common diseases affecting humans.

TL;DR: In patients with extensive mediastinal infiltration, invasive staging is not needed and patients with a peripheral clinical stage I NSCLC do not usually need invasive confirmation of mediastsinal nodes unless a PET scan finding is positive in the nodes.

TL;DR: Methylprednisolone-induced down-regulation of systemic inflammation was associated with significant improvement in pulmonary and extrapulmonary organ dysfunction and reduction in duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU length of stay.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors show that PET scanning is more accurate than CT scanning for detecting mediastinal lymph node metastasis than chest CT scanning, with a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 51% (95% confidence interval [CI], 47 to 54%) and 85%(95% CI, 84 to 88%), respectively.

TL;DR: The reductions in smoking prevalence in men that occurred in the late 1960s through the 1980s will continue to drive lung cancer mortality rates downward in men during the first portion of this century, but rates in women have not yet begun to decrease.

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that the pulse oximetric saturation (Spo(2))/Fio(2) (S/F) ratio can be substituted for the P/F ratio in assessing the oxygenation criterion of ALI and ARDS.

TL;DR: Scintigraphy and PET studies showed a strong correlation between location of wall motion abnormality and myocardial metabolism defects, with a significantly higher apical decrease in glucose uptake in patients with a typical pattern.

TL;DR: Procalcitonin guidance for exacerbations of COPD offers a sustained advantage over standard therapy in reducing antibiotic use for up to 6 months with a number-needed-to-treat of 3.

TL;DR: A review of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and progression of IPF can be found in this paper, where the authors highlight some of the key molecules involved in this process and the clinical trials that have ensued.

TL;DR: Patients with pulmonary nodules should be evaluated by estimation of the probability of malignancy, performance of imaging tests to characterize the lesion(s) better, evaluation of the risks associated with various management alternatives, and elicitation of patient preferences for treatment.

TL;DR: The data suggest that physicians' practices for providing VTE prophylaxis to acutely ill hospitalized medical patients are suboptimal and highlight the need for improved implementation of existing evidence-based guidelines in hospitals.

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was conducted based on clinical relevance and the amount and quality of data available for analysis.

TL;DR: Accumulating experience suggests that patients with extremely poor lung function who are deemed inoperable by conventional criteria might tolerate combined LVRS and curative-intent resection of lung cancer with an acceptable mortality rate and good postoperative outcomes.

TL;DR: The underlying physiology and modulating components influencing ventilatory control in CSA are summarized, the etiology of each of the various forms of CSA is described, and the key factors that may exacerbate apnea severity are examined.

TL;DR: This article will review recent studies of the incidence, diagnosis, etiologic and prognostic factors, relevant disease subsets, mortality, and long-term outcomes of ALI.

TL;DR: Multimodality therapy of some type appears to be preferable in all subsets of stage IIIA patients, but because of the relative lack of consistent randomized trial data in this subset, the following evidence-based treatment guidelines lack compelling evidence in most scenarios.

TL;DR: Knowing of common patterns of OSA may help to identify patients and guide therapy, and nuances in the spectrum of presenting complaints and polysomnography correlates are important for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

TL;DR: Chronic colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, severe exacerbations, and systemic inflammation are associated with disease progression in non-CF bronchiectasis.

TL;DR: A systematic search of MEDLINE, Healthstar, and Cochrane Library databases was performed to identify studies comparing the results of sputum cytology, bronchoscopy, transthoracic needle aspiration, or biopsy with histologic reference standard diagnoses among at least 50 patients with suspected lung cancer.

TL;DR: The prevalence of an solitary pulmonary nodule and the prevalence of malignancy in patients with an SPN vary widely across studies and the interpretation of these variable prevalence rates should take into consideration not only the nodule characteristics but also the population at risk.

TL;DR: Measurement of adenosine deaminase and interferon-gamma in the pleural fluid and polymerase chain reaction for M tuberculosis has gained wide acceptance in the diagnosis of TB pleural effusions, and although promising, these tests require further evaluation before their routine use can be recommended.

TL;DR: Results suggest that the presence of emphysema on low-radiation-dose CT of the chest is an independent risk factor for lung cancer.

TL;DR: Current cross-sectional evidence suggests that for diagnosis of LTBI, sensitivity of ELISA is similar to TST, while ELISpot appears more sensitive, and high specificity will enable clinicians to avoid unnecessary preventive treatment in BCG-vaccinated persons without infection who commonly have false-positive TST results.

TL;DR: Noninvasively measured pulmonary artery RAC predicted mortality better than area distensibility in patients with PAH, and showed an inverse curvilinear relation with mean pulmonary artery pressure.

TL;DR: Transfusion is associated with an increased risk of the development of ALI/ARDS in critically ill medical patients, and the risk is higher with transfusions of plasma-rich blood products, FFP, and platelets, than with RBCs.

TL;DR: Dlco was a critical factor for evaluating disease status and prognosis, and PAP status provided feasible information in the initial workup of IPF patients.

TL;DR: An approach to this common syndrome that identifies risk factors early in the hope of minimizing their impact is advocated, supported by the observation that muscle wasting and weakness are among the most prominent long-term complications of survivors of ARDS.

TL;DR: The authors' prediction rule can be used to estimate the pretest probability of malignancy in patients with SPNs, and thereby facilitate clinical decision making when selecting and interpreting the results of diagnostic tests such as PET imaging.

TL;DR: The data suggest that aldosterone excess may contribute to OSA severity in subjects with resistant hypertension and in those with equally severe OSA but without resistant hypertension serving as control subjects.