Book ChapterDOI
The characteristics of pitot and static tubes in incompressible flow
E. Ower,R.C. Pankhurst +1 more
- pp 22-56
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In this paper, the pitot and static tubes for measurement of incompressible flow have been discussed, and the characteristics of the Pitot tube and static tube for measuring total pressure are discussed.Abstract:
This chapter discusses the characteristics of the pitot and static tubes for measurement of incompressible flow. In incompressible flow, the velocity pressure can be obtained from the difference between two pressure observations: the total pressure and the static pressure. The measurement of total pressure is relatively simple. On the surface of any solid body immersed in a stream of fluid, there is some point at which the fluid is brought to rest and the pressure acting is the total pressure of the undisturbed flow. This pressure can be determined by providing an orifice at that point and connecting it to a manometer. This is the basis of the pitot tube, which has been universally adopted for the measurement of total pressure. Pitot-static tubes are the only practical standards of reference for the measurement of air speed against which all other designs, and indeed all anemometers, have to be calibrated either directly or indirectly.read more
Citations
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Patent
Multiple function airway adapter
Leslie E. Mace,Lawrence L. Labuda,Perry R. Blazewicz,David R. Rich,Michael B. Jaffe,Joseph A. Orr,Scott A. Kofoed +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, an integrated airway adapter capable of monitoring any combination of respiratory flow, O2 concentration, and concentrations of one or more of CO2, N2O, and anesthetic agent in real time, breath by breath.
Patent
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Scott A. Kofoed,Joseph A. Orr +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a differential pressure sensor for measuring respiratory gas flow including a tubular housing (102) having a bore containing a diametrically oriented, longitudinally extending strut (104) containing first and second lumens (122, 126) at axially spaced locations of the strut, the ports (120, 124) being located on opposite sides of a bore restriction.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A Note on the Measurement of Total Head and Static Pressure in a Turbulent Stream
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that a total head tube in a turbulent stream probably measures not p + 1/2 pq 2, but p + ∆/∆ t (q + q + q ) + 1 /2 (v + v')2, where V is the total vector velocity, ω 1 1 the total vorticity, p 1, the total pressure, Ω the potential of external forces, and ρ the density (assumed constant).
Journal ArticleDOI
Response of Pitot probes in turbulent streams
H. A. Becker,A. P. G. Brown +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, it has been shown that in a turbulent shear flow, the reference pressure is best taken to be the static pressure at the shear-layer edge, where the probe is small compared with the turbulence scale.
Journal ArticleDOI
Viscous Effects on Pitot Tubes at Low Speeds
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the pressure in a pitot tube in an air stream at Reynolds numbers from about 15 to 1,000 and found no decrease of Cp below 1 at any Reynolds number.
Accuracy of airspeed measurements and flight calibration procedures
TL;DR: The sources of error that may enter into the measurement of air speed by pitot-static methods are reviewed in detail together with methods of flight calibration of airspeed installations.