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The Effect of Wearing a Face Mask on Face Image Quality

TLDR
In this article, the effect of wearing a face mask on the performance of face recognition has been investigated in a collaborative environment, where state-of-the-art face image quality assessment methods of different natures were used.
Abstract
Due to the COVID-19 situation, face masks have become a main part of our daily life. Wearing mouth-and-nose protection has been made a mandate in many public places, to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus. However, face masks affect the performance of face recognition, since a large area of the face is covered. The effect of wearing a face mask on the different components of the face recognition system in a collaborative environment is a problem that is still to be fully studied. This work studies, for the first time, the effect of wearing a face mask on face image quality by utilising state-of-the-art face image quality assessment methods of different natures. This aims at providing better understanding on the effect of face masks on the operation of face recognition as a whole system. In addition, we further studied the effect of simulated masks on face image utility in comparison to real face masks. We discuss the correlation between the mask effect on face image quality and that on the face verification performance by automatic systems and human experts, indicating a consistent trend between both factors. The evaluation is conducted on the database containing (1) no-masked faces, (2) real face masks, and (3) simulated face masks, by synthetically generating digital facial masks on no-masked faces according to the NIST protocols [1, 23]. Finally, a visual interpretation of the face areas contributing to the quality score of a selected set of quality assessment methods is provided to give a deeper insight into the difference of network decisions in masked and non-masked faces, among other variations.

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Citations
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Posted Content

Face Image Quality Assessment: A Literature Survey

TL;DR: This survey provides an overview of the face image quality assessment literature, which predominantly focuses on visible wavelength face image input and a trend towards deep learning based methods is observed, including notable conceptual differences among the recent approaches.
Posted Content

FocusFace: Multi-task Contrastive Learning for Masked Face Recognition

TL;DR: FocusFace as discussed by the authors is a multi-task architecture that uses contrastive learning to accurately perform masked face recognition, which is designed to be trained from scratch or to work on top of state-of-the-art face recognition methods without sacrificing the capabilities of existing models in conventional face recognition tasks.
Posted Content

Partial Attack Supervision and Regional Weighted Inference for Masked Face Presentation Attack Detection.

TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper proposed a method that considers partial attack labels to supervise the PAD model training, as well as regional weighted inference to further improve the mask face presentation detection performance by varying the focus on different facial areas.
References
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Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a residual learning framework to ease the training of networks that are substantially deeper than those used previously, which won the 1st place on the ILSVRC 2015 classification task.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effect of the convolutional network depth on its accuracy in the large-scale image recognition setting and showed that a significant improvement on the prior-art configurations can be achieved by pushing the depth to 16-19 layers.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

"Why Should I Trust You?": Explaining the Predictions of Any Classifier

TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose LIME, a method to explain models by presenting representative individual predictions and their explanations in a non-redundant way, framing the task as a submodular optimization problem.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

Learning Deep Features for Discriminative Localization

TL;DR: This work revisits the global average pooling layer proposed in [13], and sheds light on how it explicitly enables the convolutional neural network (CNN) to have remarkable localization ability despite being trained on imagelevel labels.
Proceedings ArticleDOI

Deep face recognition

TL;DR: It is shown how a very large scale dataset can be assembled by a combination of automation and human in the loop, and the trade off between data purity and time is discussed.
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