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Journal ArticleDOI

The gross character of the geomagnetic field in the solar wind

Francis S. Johnson
- 01 Oct 1960 - 
- Vol. 65, Iss: 10, pp 3049-3052
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TLDR
In this paper, the effect of a rapidly moving highly conducting solar plasma or solar wind on the earth's magnetic field should be to deform it and confine it; it should not be to pull out to infinity magnetic lines of force which otherwise would lie close to the earth.
Abstract
The effect of a rapidly moving highly conducting solar plasma, or solar wind, on the earth's magnetic field should be to deform it and confine it; it should not be to pull out to infinity magnetic lines of force which otherwise would lie close to the earth. At low latitudes the geomagnetic field is strengthened by the interaction at all distances from the earth out to the confining boundary, beyond which there is solar plasma and no geomagnetic field. At high latitudes, however, the geomagnetic field is weakened by the confining action of the solar wind. The shape that the deformed geomagnetic field should assume is roughly that of a tear drop; the marked lack of symmetry in the deformed field must be an important factor in space investigations such as measurements of trapped radiation or geomagnetic field. The boundary between the geomagnetic field and the solar plasma should be turbulent; there is a possibility that the presence of the hydromagnetic waves generated by the turbulence will open the tail of the tear drop, thus modifying the confinement of the field by the solar wind.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

A unifying theory of high-latitude geophysical phenomena and geomagnetic storms

TL;DR: In this article, the occurrence at high latitudes of a large number of geophysical phenomena, including geomagnetic agitation and bay disturbances, aurorae, and various irregular distri...
Journal ArticleDOI

Initial results of the imp 1 magnetic field experiment

TL;DR: In this paper, the initial results of the detailed measurements of the interplanetary magnetic field and the interaction of the solar wind with the geomagnetic field are presented, with extreme values as low as 1 and as high as 10 γ.
Journal ArticleDOI

The upper atmosphere in motion

TL;DR: In this article, a review of the observational evidence for the upper atmosphere is presented, in groupings determined by the physical processes that are thought to be operative, and corresponding theories are measured against it.
Journal ArticleDOI

Open and closed magnetospheric tail configurations and their stability

TL;DR: The conditions under which the magnetopause converges to form a closed magnetosphere or diverges (open magnetosphere) are identified and discussed in this article, where it is shown that the presence of the high latitude low pressure tail lobes guarantees the open solution.
Book ChapterDOI

Solar-Wind Magnetosphere Coupling

TL;DR: In this paper, the Dungey model and the Axford-Hines model are compared in the context of the magnetospheric convection flow driven by the solar-wind flow at their common boundary.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Sweet's mechanism for merging magnetic fields in conducting fluids

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that two oppositely directed sunspot fields with scales of 104 km could be merged by Sweet's mechanism, if shoved firmly together, in about two weeks; their normal interdiffusion time would be of the order of 600 years.
Journal ArticleDOI

A new theory of magnetic storms

TL;DR: In this article, the shape of the hollow formed by the magnetic field is discussed, but the authors defer this consideration until they have a clearer understanding of the mode in which the ions near the surface of the stream are able to advance into the Earth's magnetic field.
Journal ArticleDOI

Motions in the magnetosphere of the Earth

TL;DR: In this paper, it is shown that the existence of an insulating layer at the base of this region, namely the non-ionized atmosphere, completely changes the type of control exerted by the magnetic field, allowing a class of motions to occur freely without the need to overcome any magnetic forces.
Journal ArticleDOI

The ion distribution above the F2 maximum

TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the ion distribution above 550 km is controlled by diffusion and not by recombination, although a further reduction in recombination rate with increasing altitude does occur.