Journal ArticleDOI
Interplanetary Magnetic Field and the Auroral Zones
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In this article, it was found that a model with a southward interplanetary magnetic field leads to a natural explanation of the SD currents and speculative aspects of the problem as they appear at this time are discussed.Abstract:
: It was found that a model with a southward interplanetary magnetic field leads to a natural explanation of the SD currents. Speculative aspects of the problem as they appear at this time are discussed. It should be remembered that this problem is amenable to revolutionary progress by observations from rockets or satellites which go out more than a few earth's radii.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
What is a geomagnetic storm
Walter D. Gonzalez,J. A. Joselyn,Yohsuke Kamide,H. W. Kroehl,Gordon Rostoker,Bruce T. Tsurutani,Vytenis M. Vasyliunas +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, an attempt is made to define a geomagnetic storm as an interval of time when a sufficiently intense and long-lasting interplanetary convection electric field leads, through a substantial energization in the magnetosphere-ionosphere system, to an intensified ring current sufficiently strong to exceed some key threshold of the quantifying storm time Dst index.
Journal ArticleDOI
A unifying theory of high-latitude geophysical phenomena and geomagnetic storms
W. I. Axford,C. O. Hines +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the occurrence at high latitudes of a large number of geophysical phenomena, including geomagnetic agitation and bay disturbances, aurorae, and various irregular distri...
Journal ArticleDOI
Theoretical models of magnetic field line merging
TL;DR: A review of the models of magnetic field line merging is given in this paper, where the authors describe the process whereby plasma flows across a surface which separates regions including topologically different magnetic field lines.
Journal ArticleDOI
Magnetospheric Multiscale Overview and Science Objectives
TL;DR: Magnetospheric multiscale (MMS) as mentioned in this paper is a NASA four-spacecraft constellation mission to investigate magnetic reconnection in the boundary regions of the Earth's magnetosphere.
Journal ArticleDOI
First multispacecraft ion measurements in and near the Earth's magnetosphere with the identical Cluster ion spectrometry (CIS) experiment
H. Rème,C. Aoustin,J. M. Bosqued,Iannis Dandouras,Benoit Lavraud,Jean-André Sauvaud,A. Barthe,J. Bouyssou,T. Camus,O. Coeur-Joly,A. Cros,J. Cuvilo,F. Ducay,Y. Garbarowitz,J. L. Medale,Emmanuel Penou,H. Perrier,D. Romefort,Jean-Noël Rouzaud,Claire Vallat,D. Alcaydé,C. Jacquey,Christian Mazelle,Claude d’Uston,Eberhard Möbius,L. M. Kistler,K. Crocker,M. Granoff,C. G. Mouikis,M. Popecki,M. Vosbury,Berndt Klecker,D. Hovestadt,Harald Kucharek,E. Kuenneth,G. Paschmann,Manfred Scholer,N. Sckopke,E. Seidenschwang,C. W. Carlson,D. W. Curtis,C. Ingraham,Robert P. Lin,James P. McFadden,George K. Parks,Tai Phan,Vittorio Formisano,Ermanno Amata,M. B. Bavassano-Cattaneo,P. Baldetti,Roberto Bruno,G. Chionchio,A. M. Di Lellis,Maria Federica Marcucci,G. Pallocchia,A. Korth,P. W. Daly,B. Graeve,H. Rosenbauer,Vytenis M. Vasyliunas,Matthew D. McCarthy,M. Wilber,Lars Eliasson,Rickard Lundin,S. Olsen,E. G. Shelley,Stephen A. Fuselier,A. G. Ghielmetti,W. Lennartsson,C. P. Escoubet,Hans Balsiger,Reiner Friedel,J.-B. Cao,R. A. Kovrazhkin,I. Papamastorakis,R. Pellat,J. D. Scudder,Bengt U. Ö. Sonnerup +77 more
TL;DR: The Cluster Ion Spectrometry (CIS) experiment as discussed by the authors measured the full, three-dimensional ion distribution of the major magnetospheric ions (H+, He+, He++, and O+) from the thermal energies to about 40 keV/e.
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