Journal ArticleDOI
The interaction of a fixed time food delivery schedule and body weight on self-administration of narcotic analgesics
TLDR
Experiment 2 showed that the high rate of self-injection was due to the interaction of pharmacological properties of opiates and environmetal variables rather than to a general increase in activity arising from the deprivation state or the effects of the schedule.Abstract:
Experiment 1 reported the effects of the interaction of a fixed 1 min delivery schedule and body weight, using schedule-induced self-injection paradigm, in the rate of acquisition of methadone and heroin. Eighty-one rats were assigned to 100% and 80% reduced body weight conditions with and without a schedule. The findings show that: (a) voluntary heroin and methadone intake was enhanced when a schedule was introduced to animals at 80% but not at 100% body weight; (b) high intake of heroin and methadone was accompanied by increased levels of plasma 11-OHCS. Experiment 2 showed that the high rate of self-injection was due to the interaction of pharmacological properties of opiates and environmetal variables rather than to a general increase in activity arising from the deprivation state or the effects of the schedule. The results are discussed in terms of a stress factor arising from an interaction between environmental and pharmacological factors.read more
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Opioids, Reward and Addiction: An Encounter of Biology, Psychology, and Medicine
TL;DR: If the entire materia medica at the authors' disposal were limited to the choice and use of only one drug, I am sure that a great many, if not the majority, of us would choose opium.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of environmental stressors on opiate and psychostimulant reinforcement, reinstatement and discrimination in rats: a review.
TL;DR: The results of the studies reviewed here suggest that while stressors are important modulators of the behavioral effects of opiate and psychostimulant drugs, the effect of stress on behavior in these animal models is stressor-specific, and to some degree, procedure- and drug-class-specific.
Journal ArticleDOI
Modifying drug-reinforced behavior by altering the economic conditions of the drug and a nondrug reinforcer.
TL;DR: Data indicate that drug-reinforced behavior is substantially reduced when the environment is enriched with an alternative nondrug reinforcer and changes in the fixed-ratio requirement or drug concentration were functionally similar, and unit price of phencyclidine was the variable that was influenced by the presence of concurrent saccharin.
Journal ArticleDOI
Drug dependence: myth or motive?
TL;DR: Drug dependence prevention as a species of environmental dependence can be best effected by either alterations in the intermittent reinforcement situations inducing excessive behavior or by providing opportunities and training with respect to reinforcing alternatives other than drugs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stress and rodent models of drug addiction: role of VTA–accumbens–PFC–amygdala circuit
Jasmine J. Yap,Klaus A. Miczek +1 more
TL;DR: Several types of intermittent stressors have been shown to induce cross-sensitization to psychomotor stimulants, enhance conditioned place preference under most conditions, increase self-administration of cocaine and amphetamine and induce reinstatement of heroin and cocaine seeking via activation of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system.
References
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Book
The pharmacological basis of therapeutics
TL;DR: In this article, 42 authors share the herculean task of reviewing the flood of recent literature on pharmacology and rational use of drugs, under single or dual authorship they contribute the 76 chapters in the 18 sections.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
Louis S. Goodman,Alfred Gilman +1 more
TL;DR: On pharmacology and the rational use of drugs, 42 authors share the herculean task of reviewing the flood of recent literature under single or dual authorship and each chapter offers a complete and up-to-date review.
Journal ArticleDOI
Some Studies of the Protein-Binding of Steroids and Their Application to the Routine Micro and Ultramicro Measurement of Various Steroids in Body Fluids by Competitive Protein-Binding Radioassay
TL;DR: A 100-fold increase in sensitivity has now been achieved by using tritiated steroids in place of 14C-labeled steroids, by utilizing the CBG's of species other than man, and by using adsorption in Place of dialysis or gel filtration.